Dyck, Anthony van, or Antoon or Anton (Sir)
Dyck, Anthony van, or Antoon or Anton (Sir)
Flemish School, 17th century, male.
Born 22 March 1599, in Antwerp; died 9 December 1641, in Blackfriars, London.
Painter, engraver. History painting, portraits.
Anthony van Dyck: Self-Portrait, oil on canvas, 1.20 × 0.88 m, ca. 1620–21 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Hules Bache Collection, 1949, Accession No. 49.7.25); courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Fine Art
Anton van, or Antoon or Anthony DYCK: signature or monogram
Anton van, or Antoon or Anthony DYCK: signature or monogram
Anton van, or Antoon or Anthony DYCK: signature or monogram
Anton van, or Antoon or Anthony DYCK: signature or monogram
Anton van, or Antoon or Anthony DYCK: signature or monogram
Anton van, or Antoon or Anthony DYCK: signature or monogram
Anthony van Dyck was 11 years old when his father, Franchois van Dyck, a wealthy cloth and silk merchant, found him an apprenticeship with Hendrik van Balen the Elder, with whom he stayed for two years before entering Peter Paul Rubens’s studio. Rubens had just returned from Italy and, struck by Van Dyck’s aptitude, wasted no time in training him in his new style. Rubens considered him to be the best of his pupils, and Van Dyck collaborated on many of his master’s great religious works. Rubens, who promoted his own work through engraved copies, saw to Van Dyck’s training in engraving and etching. His reputation was made so quickly that in early 1618, at the age of 19, he was registered as a master of the Guild of St Luke and, at the same time, had set up an independent workshop in Antwerp with Jan Brueghel the Younger, although he continued to work in Rubens’s studio.
For three years, he continued to work either alone or with Rubens until, in 1620, he travelled to England, where he stayed briefly at the invitation of the Earl of Arundel, painting portraits and working for King James I. Encouraged perhaps by the earl, Van Dyck travelled to Italy in November 1621, staying in Genoa, Rome, and Venice, where he copied works by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Paolo Veronese, and Giorgione. The biggest single influence on Van Dyck, however, was the work of Titian, which he particularly sought out and studied. His reputation earned him several commissions from Prince Emmanuel Albert of Savoy, viceroy of Sicily, who summoned him to Palermo in 1624. He was received at court and produced works resonant of Titian, although he left Palermo hurriedly at the outbreak of plague and returned to Genoa, painting portraits of the Genoese aristocracy and continuing to study Titian’s technique until his return to Antwerp in September 1627. Van Dyck returned with a well-established reputation, and this period saw a prodigious output of portraits as well as numerous history and religious paintings and some of his best etchings.
Van Dyck’s work and reputation came to the attention of Charles I of England, who must have offered considerable incentives to entice Van Dyck to London early in 1632. Charles I gave him a generous salary and a house in a privileged area, appointed him ‘Principalle Paynter in ordinary to their Majesties’, and, in 1632, knighted him as a mark of honour, so that he eclipsed Daniel Mytens the Elder as court painter. Van Dyck lived ostentatiously, but he earned well, his studio operating a kind of production line of portraits with Van Dyck concentrating on the heads and touching up. His portraits of the English royal family (full-length and equestrian) are among his most successful and most famous, and his wide-ranging portraits of the English aristocracy largely create the contemporary image of Charles’ court. Among his other achievements was the decoration of the Banqueting Hall in Whitehall for Charles I. During his time in England, Van Dyck made frequent trips to the Continent, particularly to Antwerp and Brussels, where he continued to carry out commissions, beginning the cycle of paintings for the town hall in Brussels. On Rubens’s death in 1640, he was appointed dean of the academy of St Luke and may have considered settling permanently in Antwerp. However, he was already troubled by illness by this time and was also drained by his battle to win the competition to decorate the Grande Galerie of the Louvre, which he lost to Nicolas Poussin. Returning to London in 1641, he died, probably of tuberculosis, going into decline just a few days after the birth of his daughter. He left a large estate.
His first works, prior to his trip to Italy in 1621, reveal the influence of Rubens, as depicted in Van Dyck’s St Martin in the church of Saventhem (1621) or in his mythological paintings, such as Drunken Silenus, Jupiter and Antiope, or Studies of Four Negro Heads (1617). In Genoa, he most notably painted the lovely Portrait of Maria de’ Medici, which is one of his best works, as well as numerous group portraits, such as those of the De Wael, Durazzo, and Cattaneo families. In Rome in 1623, he painted the Portrait of Cardinal Bentivoglio. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1627, he concentrated his attentions on portraits of members of high society, whom he painted in rigorous poses and extremely sober compositions. Van Dyck was able to convey the personality of the figures he painted while at the same time suggesting something of the melancholy or Romanesque. He harmonised bright colours, delicate greys, and golden tones, and his subdued shadows made colours all the more vibrant. He sometimes preferred to sacrifice accessories in the interests of emphasising hands and faces. Around 1630, he began designing his series of engraved and etched portraits, The Iconography. Most of these portraits of artists, scholars, statesmen, and bureaucrats were made by professional engravers after Van Dyck’s paintings, but the painter also etched 18 of the plates himself. In England in 1635, he painted one of the most beautiful portraits of Charles I (Louvre), who appears with all his royal self-assurance, having no need for sumptuous clothing, painted in a bold composition in which the horse, servants, and landscape occupy a good part of the painting but do not distract attention from the sovereign’s personality.
Van Dyck helped to create a link between Flemish and Italian painting through his study of works seen in Rome, Genoa, and Venice particularly by Titian and Veronese. He remained uninfluenced by Caravaggio. The vast majority of Van Dyck’s output was portraiture, though he may have wished for more commissions for religious and history painting. In portraiture, his development of the Grand Manner portrait from Titian’s model proved his legacy of the longest standing, influencing artists down to John Singer Sargent. Van Dyck’s imaginative handling of portraiture covered a vast social range, from princes and princesses to prelates, bankers, jewelers, and merchants, young and old, posing them in a vast array of positions, placing them against personalised decors and flanking them with fashionable props and status symbols. A perfect example of this is Portrait of Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo, where a black servant carries a red parasol and the fabrics, costumes, armour, and jewellery are all emphasised, contributing to an expression of the psychology of a figure from a society built on a cult of personal display. Van Dyck’s legacy was the elevation of the genre of portrait painting, which had important repercussions for English art. He played a decisive role in the establishment of a future school of English painting in the 18th century, influencing Thomas Gainsborough, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Thomas Lawrence.
Group Exhibitions
1952, The Portrait in Flemish Art: From Memling to Van Dyck (Le portrait dans l’art Flamand: de Memling à Van Dyck), Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris
1995, Van Dyck and His Age, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv
1999, Van Dyck and His Circle: Drawings and Printed Graphics from the Collection of Copper Engravings at the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum (Van Dyck und sein Kreis: Zeichnungen und Druckgraphik aus dem Kupferstichkabinett des Herzog-Anton-Ulrich-Museums), Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig
1999, Van Dyck: Landscapes, Sources of Inspiration, Rubenshuis Museum, Antwerp
2006, The Call of Italy, French and Northern Painters in the Peninsula - Drawings from the 17th and 18th Centuries (L’Appel de l’Italie, artistes français et nordiques dans la péninsule - Dessins des XVIIIe et XVIIIe siècles), Musée de Grenoble
Solo Exhibitions
1900, Royal Academy of Art, London
1981, Anton van Dyck and His Iconography: Etchings, Engravings and Drawings of the Fondation Custodia, Frits Lugt Collection (Antoon van Dyck et son iconographie: eaux-fortes, gravures et dessins de la Fondation Custodia, collection Frits Lugt), Netherlands Institute, Paris
1982, Van Dyck in England, National Portrait Gallery, London
1990, Anthony Van Dyck, National Gallery of Art, Washington
1991, The Drawings of Anthony van Dyck, Pierpont Morgan Library, New York
1991, Plantin-Moretus Museum, Antwerp
1997, Van Dyck a Genova: Grande Pittura e Collezionismo, Palazzo Ducale, Genoa
1999, Anton van Dyck 1599-1641, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp; Royal Academy of Arts, London
1999, Anton van Dyck in Print, Plantin-Moretus Museum, Antwerp; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
2004, Anton van Dyck: Italian Reflections (Anton van Dyck: Riflessi Italiani), Palazzo Reale, Milan
2008, Antoon van Dyck: Portraits, Musée Jacquemart-André, Paris
2009, Van Dyck and Britain, Tate Britain, London
2011, Rubens and Van Dyck, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm
Museum and Gallery Holdings
Aix: Portrait of Van Diepenbeeck and Rickaert
Amiens: Man’s Head (two works); Assumption of the Virgin
Amsterdam: Repentant Mary Magdalene; François (?) van der Borght; Johanne Baptista Franck; Nicolaes van der Borcht; Prince William II and His Wife, Princess Mary Stuart; Petrus Paulus Rubens; Caspar Gevaerts; Salvator Mundi
Antwerp (Koninklijk Mus. voor Schone Kunsten): Christ on the Cross; Jan Malderus, Fifth Bishop of Antwerp; Deposition of Christ; Christ Entombed; Portrait of César Alexandre Seaglia; Christ on the Cross; Portrait of a Priest; Portrait of the Artist Marten Pepyn
Baltimore, MD (MA): Rinaldo and Armida (1629)
Bayonne: Raising of the Cross (sketch); Head of St John; Head of a Young Man; Portrait of van Baelen; Henrietta of France and Her Two Children; Portrait of Isabella Clara Eugenia of Austria
Bergamo (Accademia Carrara): Roman Charity; Portrait of a Child; Portrait of the Family of Philip Herbert, Fourth Earl of Pembroke (rough sketch)
Berlin (Gemäldegal.): Christ Ridicule; Lamentation of Christ; Portrait of Ph. Fr. de Carignan, Prince of Savoy; Nymph Bathing; Portrait of a Nobleman from Genoa; Portrait of Marchioness Geronina Spinola; Apostle’s Head; The Two Johns
Béziers: Portrait of a Man
Brussels: Jean Vincent Imperial, Duke of S Angelo; Alexandre Dellafaille; Drunken Silenus; Martyrdom of St Peter; St Anthony of Padua; St Francis of Assisi; Crucifixion; Portrait of a Man; Rinaldo and Armida
Budapest: Self-portrait; Venus Crying over the Death of Adonis; Portrait of a Couple; The Trinity; St Eligius; Portrait of Archduke Ferdinand (after Rubens)
Caen: Jesus Wearing a Crown of Thorns
Chantilly: Portrait of Gaston d’Orléans, Duke of Orléans; Portrait of Count Henri de Berghe; Portrait of Princess Marie de Barbançon, Duchess of Arenberg; Portrait of William of Neuburg
Cherbourg: Meleager and Atalanta
Courtrai (Notre Dame): Raising of the Cross
Darmstadt: Portrait of a Young Woman
Douai: Lamentation of Christ; Reception of St Placid and St Maur by St Benedict; Portrait of a Man
Dresden: Three Eldest Daughters of Charles I of England; Christ Approaching the Serpent; Portrait of a General; Portrait of a Man in Black; Portrait of a Lady in Black; Portrait of a Lady and Child; Portrait of a Gentleman; Portrait of a Lady; St Hieronymus; Portrait of St Bartholomew; Portrait of St Matthew; Portrait of St Simeon; Portrait of St Peter; Portrait of St Paul; Portrait of an Old Gentleman; Portrait of a Lady; Portrait of a Young Man; Portrait of a Gentleman in Black; Portrait of a Man with a Blond Beard; Portrait of a Man with a Blond Moustache; Portrait of Thomas Parr at 150 Years Old; Drunken Silenus Walking
Dublin: Portrait of Frédéric Marselar; Study for a Painting of St Sebastian
Edinburgh (Nat. Gal. of Scotland): An Italian Noble (oil on canvas); The Lomellini Family: Nicolo and Gio. Francesco Lomellini with Barbara Spinola Lomellini and the Children Vittoria and Agostino (c. 1623-1627, oil on canvas, group portrait); St Sebastian Bound for Martyrdom (c. 1621-1623, oil on canvas)
Edinburgh (Nat. Gal. of Scotland, Print Room): Studies of Heads (drawing)
Florence (Palazzo Pitti): Portrait of Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio; Head of the Virgin; Portrait of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France; Rest on the Flight to Egypt
Florence (Uffizi): Portrait of a Lady; Portrait of Princess Margaret of Lorraine; Virgin and Child Jesus; Portrait of a Man; Portrait of Jecunde Monfort; Portrait of Charles I; Jean de Montfort
Frankfurt am Main: The Cross; Portrait of Mme Brignole-Sale and Her Daughter; Portrait of Pauline Brignole-Sale; Portrait of the Prince of Orange; Portrait of Father and Son; Portrait of the Marquis and Poet Antoine Jules Brignole-Sale
Geneva: Maternal Ecstacy; Georges de la Rive; Christ on the Cross
Genoa: Portraits of Genoese Families; Christ
Ghent (Church of St Michiels): Calvary
Glasgow: Rest on the Flight to Egypt; Portrait of an Old Man
Grenoble: Repentant Mary Magdalene
Hamburg: Portrait of Holmalius
Hanover: Study of a Head; Cavalryman; Cavalryman; Christ and the Paralytic
Kassel: Portrait of Isabelle d’Assche (?); Portraits of a Man Aged between 50 and 55, and His Wife (a pair); Portraits of the Brothers Lucas and Cornelius de Wael; Sebastian Leerse with His Wife and Child; Portrait of a Man and a Woman; Portrait of the Painter F. Snyders and His Wife; Portrait of Justus van Meerstraeten; Portrait of the Landscape Artist Jan Wildens; Child Jesus; Portrait of a Woman Aged between 45 and 48; Portrait of an Italian Gentleman
La Fère: Miracle of the Plague Sufferer; Repentant Mary Magdalene
Le Puy-en-Velay: Christ Weeping
Lille: Jesus on the Cross; Miracle of St Anthony of Padua in Toulouse; Portrait of a Woman; Portrait of Maria de’ Medici; Adoration of the Shepherds
London (Dulwich Picture Gal.): Samson and Delilah (c. 1618-1620, oil on canvas); Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, Prince of Oneglia (1624, oil on canvas, portrait); The Madonna and Child (before 1632, oil on canvas); Venetia Stanley, Lady Digby, on Her Death-bed (1633, oil on canvas); George, Lord Digby, later Earl of Bristol (c. 1638-1639, oil on canvas, portrait); Sunset Landscape with a Shepherd and His Flock (oil on canvas, attributed)
London (National Portrait Gal.): Venetia, Lady Digby (c. 1633-1634, oil on canvas); Lord George Stuart (c. 1638, oil on canvas); Sir Kenelm Digby (c. 1640, oil on canvas)
London (NG): The Emperor Theodosius is Forbidden by Saint Ambrose to Enter Milan Cathedral (c. 1619-1620, oil on canvas, loose copy after Rubens); Portrait of Cornelis van der Geest (c. 1620, oil/wood); Portrait of François Langlois (1630-1635, oil on canvas); Carlo and Ubaldo See Rinaldo Conquered by Love for Armida (1634-1635, oil/wood); Equestrian Portrait of Charles I (c. 1637-1638, oil on canvas)
London (Tate Collection): c. 1633-1638, oil on canvas, three portraits
London (Victoria and Albert Mus.): Man Wearing Armour
London (Wallace Collection): Portrait of a Lady, Called Isabella van Waerbeke, Wife of Paul de Vos (1628-1632, oil on canvas); Marie de Raet, Wife of Philippe Le Roy (1631, oil on canvas); Paris (c. 1632, oil on canvas); Philippe Le Roy (1630, oil on canvas)
Los Angeles (Getty Mus.): Thomas Howard, Second Earl of Arundel (c. 1620-1621, oil on canvas); Portrait of Agostino Pallavicini (c. 1621, oil on canvas)
Lyons: Study of Two Heads
Madrid (Prado): St Jerome Repenting; Crown of Thorns; Portrait of the Painter David Ryckaert; Portrait of the Infante; Cardinal D. Fernando of Austria; Portrait of the Countess of Oxford; Portrait of Henry of Nassau, Prince of Orange; Portrait of the Princess of Orange; Equestrian Portrait of Charles I of England; Portrait of a Mature Woman; Portrait of Henry, Count of Berg; Portrait of a Musician; Portrait of an Unknown Person; Portrait of Van Dyck and the Count of Bristol; Portrait of Henri Liberti; Old Man’s Head; Virgin of Anguish; Portrait of a Monk; Arrest of Christ; Diana and Endymion Asleep; St Francis of Assisi as a Slave; Portrait of Polexena, First Marchioness of Leganes
Mainz: Head of a Dying Man; Repentant Mary Magdalene
Mechelen (Sint-Rombouts Kathedraal): Crucifixion
Melbourne: Portrait of Francis Frank; Portrait of the Artist; Portrait of Jucodus Momper
Metz: Portrait of Rykaert
Milan (Pinacoteca di Brera): Portrait of Amelia de Solms; Madonna with Jesus and St Anthony of Padua
Montauban: Portrait of a Monk
Montreal (Learmont): Deposition
Moscow (Rumiantsev Mus.): Portrait of Lady Philadelphia Wharton; Portrait of a Nun; Philogyny; Child Christ and St John the Baptist; Portraits of Men
Munich: General Tilly; Count Albrecht of Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland; King Gustav Adolph of Sweden; Princess Margaret of Lorraine; Prince Franz Thomas of Carignan; Bust Portrait of the Antwerp Painter of Battles and Landscapes, P. Sivayers; Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Maria Ruthwen; Portrait of Heinrick Liberti of Groningen; Portrait of the Engraver Karl Malery of Antwerp; Portrait of the Painter Jan de Wael and His Wife; Portrait of the Wife of Jan de Wael; Portrait of the Sculptor Colyn de Nole; Portrait of a Man in Black; Portrait of Geneviève d’Urphé; Portrait of Duke Carl Alexandre of Croi; Study of a Child’s Head; Martyrdom of St Sebastian; Portrait of the Merchant Sebastian Leerse in Antwerp; St Sebastian Tied to the Tree; Christ on the Cross; Virgin and Child; Lamentation of Christ (two works); Battle Near Martin d’Église; Portrait of the Artist; Portrait of a Young Man; Portrait of the Young Marquis of Mirabella; Portrait of D. Filippo Spinola; Portrait of Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm of Neuburg (two works); Study of an Apostle; Portrait of the Battle Painter Palamedes Palamedesz.; Portrait of the Painter Jan Brueghel with Red Hair; Landscape Artist Lucas van Uden; Count John of Nassau; Abbé César; Alexandre Scaglio
Munich (Alte Pinakothek): Susanna Bathing; Rest on the Flight to Egypt
Nancy: Virgin and Child; Portrait of the Painter Anthony van Opstal; Portrait of Count John of Nassau and His Family
Naples: Jesus on the Cross
New Haven,(CT) (Yale Center for British Art): Mountjoy Blount, 1st Earl of Newport (c. 1637-1638, oil on canvas, portrait)
New York (Frick Collection): Frans Snyders (c. 1632-1641, oil on canvas)
Nice: St Dominic
Nottingham (Castle Mus. and AG): Portrait of Charles I
Oporto: Portrait of a Man
Palermo (Oratorio della Compagnia del Rosario di San Domenico of the Rosary): Madonna of the Rosary
Paris (Louvre): Virgin and Child Jesus; Virgin with Donors; Lamentation of Christ; St Sebastian; Venus and Vulcan; Rinaldo and Armida; Portrait of Charles I, King of England; Portrait of the Children of Charles I; Portrait of Charles Louis, Duke of Bavaria, and His Brother Robert, later Duke of Cumberland; Portrait of Isabella Clara Eugenia of Austria, Infanta of Spain, Sovereign of the Netherlands; Equestrian Portrait of François de Moncade, Marquis of Aytona; Bust Portrait of François de Moncade; Portrait of a Man and a Child; Portrait of a Lady and Her Daughter; Portrait of the Duke of Richmond (three male portraits); Head of an Old Man; Bust of St Joseph; Martyrdom of St Sebastian; Portrait of a Woman; Portrait of Van Dyck
Perpignan: Virgin with Four Donors
Rome (Gal. Colonna): Charles Colonna; Portrait of Lucretia Tomacelli
Rome (Mus. e Gal. Borghese): Jesus Christ Crucified
Rome (Palazzo Doria Pamphili): Portrait of an Elderly Lady
Rotterdam (Mus. Boijmans Van Beuningen): Portrait of Charles I of England with His Wife Henrietta and Their Two Children
Saventhem: St Martin Sharing His Cloak
St Petersburg: Holy Communion; Christ on the Cross; Christ Descended from the Cross; Incredulity of St Thomas; St Sebastian; Portrait of a Man; Portrait of a Woman; Charles I, King of England; Henrietta Maria of France; William II of Nassau; William Lound, Archbishop of Canterbury; Antoine de Trieste, Bishop of Ghent; Henry Danoers, Count of Danby; Lord Philip Wharton; Sir Thomas Wharton; Elisabeth Philadelphia Wharton; Lady Jane Goodwin; Thomas Chaloner; Lord Rowland Wandesford; Jan van den Wouver; Adriaen Stevens, Almoner of the Town of Antwerp; Portrait of the Wife of Adriaen Stevens; Portrait of the Painter Jan ‘Velvet’ Brueghel; Portrait of the Architect Inigo Jonès; Family Portrait; Portrait of a Young Man; Bust Portrait of an Old Man; Portrait of Marc-Antoine Lumagne; Portrait of Evenard; Portrait of Lazarus Markijzus; Two Ladies; Portrait of a Lady
St Petersburg (Hermitage): Holy Family
Stockholm: St Hieronymus; Portrait of Prince William of Hessen-Kassel
Strasbourg: Portrait of a Lady Dressed in Black; Study of a Head
Termonde (Church of Notre Dame): Adoration of the Shepherds; Christ on the Cross Surrounded by Saints
The Hague: Portrait of Sir Sheffield; Portrait of Anna Wake, Wife of Sir Sheffield; Portrait of Qurintyn Simons; Portraits of Peter Stevens and His Wife
Toulouse: Christ with Angels; Miracle of the Mule; Achilles Recognised by Ulysses
Troyes: Portrait of François Snyders
Turin: Portraits of the Children of Charles I, King of England
Vaduz: Portrait of Gaspard de Crayer; Portrait of Jean Vermeulen
Valenciennes: Martyrdom of St James; Portrait of Jacques le Roy, Seigneur of Horbaix; Head of St Matthew; Portrait of Madame de Cantecroix
Venice: Christ Crucified; Portrait of a Child
Venice (Gal. Reale): Head of a Sleeping Child
Versailles: Thomas of Savoy, Prince of Carignan
Vienna: Portrait of Countess Amelia Solms, Princess of Orange; Portrait of an Elderly Woman; Study of a Woman’s Head; Portrait of Queen Mary of England; Portrait of Prince Rhodokani; Portrait of a Young Captain; Venus with Vulcan; St Francis; Portrait of a Man; Portrait of Prince Karl Ludwig of the Palatinate; St Germain Joseph; St Rosalie Receiving a Crown from Jesus; Portrait of a Young Man; Ecce Homo; Portrait of Archduchess Isabella Clara; Portrait of Marquis Francesco de Moncada; Holy Family; Portrait of the Spanish Consulate; Jean de Montfort; Portrait of Carolus Sribani; Portrait of a Man; Portrait of a Woman; Portrait of the Painter; Cupid with Bow and Arrows; Mary and the Child Jesus; Portrait of the Painter Paul de Vos
Vienna (Czernin’sche Gemäldegal.): Neptune; Ecce Homo; Portrait of a Man in an Armchair (Generally Identified as the Painter of Animals, Paul de Vos); Portrait of a Man; Portrait of a Young Man; Cupid
Vienna (Kunsthistorisches Mus.): Samson and Delilah; Portrait of Prince Ruprecht of the Palatinate
Washington DC (Georgetown University): Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Janssens van Bisthoven (c. 1630, oil on canvas)
Washington DC (NGA): Filippo Cattaneo, Son of Marchesa Elena Grimaldi (1623, oil on canvas); Clelia Cattaneo, Daughter of Marchesa Elena Grimaldi (1623, oil on canvas); A Genoese Noblewoman and Her Son (c. 1626, oil on canvas); other paintings, numerous prints
Windsor Castle: Charles I in Three Poses; Portraits of the Children of Charles I
Ypres: Male Portrait; Female Portrait
Auction Records
Amsterdam, 13 May 1705: Portrait of an Old Man, FRF 35
Amsterdam, 17 May 1710: A Sketch, FRF 325
Paris, 1792: King Charles I of England and His Family, FRF 26,250; Portrait of Snyders, FRF 10,000
Paris, 1800: Painting on Panel, FRF 150,000
Paris, 1810: Jesus with the Paralysed Man, FRF 82,500
London, 1810: St Sebastian Surrounded by Soldiers, FRF 22,305
Antwerp, 1822: Portrait of Le Roy, FRF 11,440; Portrait of the Wife of Le Roy, FRF 13,200
Paris, 1872: The Young Composer, FRF 37,800
London, 1886: Equestrian Portrait of Charles I, FRF 375,000; Portrait of Mary, Duchess of Richmond, FRF 39,190
Ghent, 1887: Virgin and Child, FRF 220
Paris, 1891: Portrait of the Count of Aligre, FRF 69,000
New York, 1895: The Marquis of Spinola and His Granddaughter, FRF 250,000
Antwerp, 1898: Portrait of Martin Pepyn, FRF 60,000
Paris, 1898: Mystic Marriage of St Catherine, FRF 13,500
London, 1898: Portrait of a Young Boy in Purple Hose and Green Breeches, FRF 42,000
Brussels, 1899: Portrait of Ambrose Doria, BEF 40,000
New York, 1899: Lord Arundel, FRF 44,000
London, 1900: Portrait of Bartholomeo Guisdimani, One of Van Dyck’s Masters, FRF 606,250
London, 3 July 1908: Portrait of Cardinal Domenico Rivarole, GBP 819; Portrait of the Countess of Northumberland, GBP 210
London, 12 Dec 1908: Portrait of a Gentleman, GBP 50
London, 30 April 1909: Portrait of Mutio Vitelleschi, Leader of the Jesuits (held in Art Treasures in Great Britain) GBP 99
London, 2 July 1909: Portrait of a Jesuit Priest, GBP 189
London, 16 July 1909: Charity (grisaille) GBP 65
Paris, April 1910: Portrait of Wolfgang, Duke of Neuburg, FRF 12,500
London, 6 May 1910: Portrait of Catherine Hastings, GBP 357; Portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria, GBP 367; Portrait of a Lady in Black and Silver Dress, GBP 367; Portrait of Cardinal Domenico Rivarole, GBP 945; Portrait of Dorothy Devereux, GBP 157
Paris, 25 Nov 1918: Two Heads of Children, FRF 111,000
London, 26 May 1922: Elizabeth, Countess de Southampton, GBP 6,510
London, 4-7 May 1923: Adoration of the Shepherds, GBP 178
London, 6 July 1923: Portrait of De Witte, GBP 2,100; Portrait of the Wife of De Witte, GBP 892; Princess Mary, Daughter of Charles I, GBP 1,050
London, 13 July 1923: Portrait of the Artist, GBP 5,985; Henri Liberti of Groningen, GBP 2,100
Paris, 2 June 1924: Martrydom of St Sebastian (sketch) FRF 30,000; Portrait of Ferdinand Boisschot, Baron of Saventhem, FRF 86,000
London, 4 July 1924: Virgin, Child and St Catherine, GBP 3,150
London, 1 May 1925: George Stuart, Lord Aubigny, GBP 840
London, 7 May 1926: Genevieve d’Urfe, Duchess of Croy, GBP 609
Paris, 27 and 28 May 1926: Portrait of Jan van den Wouver, FRF 185,000; Portrait of the Engraver Jean-Baptiste Barbé, FRF 50,000; Portrait of Paul de Halmale, FRF 47,000; Head of a Young Man (study) FRF 41,000; Head and Hands of a Young Man, FRF 37,000
London, 12 May 1927: Head of a Woman, GBP 2,100
London, 17 and 18 May 1928: Marchioness Catherine Durazzo, GBP 1,575; Count Brandolini, GBP 1,312
Paris, 21 and 22 May 1928: Heads of Children, FRF 255,000
London, 8 June 1928: Jupiter and Antiope, GBP 787
London, 25 June 1928: St Francis in Prayer, GBP 472
Paris, 28 Nov 1928: Study of a Man Standing in Semi-profile in the Costume of the Brandenburgs (drawing) FRF 4,000
Paris, 19 Dec 1928: Two-thirds Portrait of a Young Woman with a Necklace, FRF 4,000
London, 3 May 1929: Portrait of Jacques Le Roy, GBP 17,850
London, 21 June 1929: Portrait of Charles II as a Child, GBP 4,830
London, 1 Aug 1929: Anne-Marie de Camudio, GBP 99
London, 27 June 1930: Portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria, GBP 997
London, 25 July 1930: Child Jesus on a Globe, GBP 189
New York, 22 Jan 1931: St Paul, USD 1,500; St Philip, USD 900; St John the Evangelist, USD 13,000
New York, 4 and 5 Feb 1931: Portrait of a Burgomaster, USD 1,650
New York, 22 April 1932: Portrait of Three of the Children of Charles I, USD 3,600
London, 27-30 May 1932: Prince Rupert, GBP 231
Paris, 11 Dec 1934: Christ on the Cross, FRF 46,000
New York, 3 Dec 1936: Edward Sutton, USD 2,900
Cologne, 4 May 1937: Portrait of a Man, DEM 8,000
London, 1 July 1938: Portrait of a Woman, GBP 2,100; William Feilding, GBP 1,995; Mary, Duchess of Richmond, GBP 1,552
New York, 20 April 1939: Wolfgang, Prince of Pfalz-Neuburg, USD 1,600
New York, 4 Jan 1945: Portrait Presumed to be of Constantin Huygens, USD 13,000
New York, 21 Feb 1945: Ferdinand Boisschot, USD 3,500; Donna Polyxera Spinola, Marchioness of Leganes, USD 10,000
London, 1 June 1945: Inspiration of St Jerome, GBP 2,145
New York, 25 Oct 1945: Count Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, USD 3,000
London, 12 July 1946: Portrait of a Gentleman, GBP 4,189
Paris, 25 May 1949: Portrait of the Engraver Paul Pontius, FRF 3,900,000
Paris, 9 Dec 1952: Heads of Children, FRF 3,950,000
London, 28 Nov 1956: Heads of Two Negroes, GBP 7,800
New York, 13 March 1957: Portrait of Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio, USD 5,000
London, 26 June 1957: St Jerome Repenting, GBP 2,500
London, 27 June 1958: St Judas Thaddeus, GBP 5,775
London, 26 Nov 1958: Portrait of a Man, GBP 7,000
London, 8 July 1959: Virgin, Child and St Anne, GBP 3,400
Geneva, 13 June 1960: Ecstasy of St Francis (pen and bistre wash) CHF 1,000
London, 15 July 1960: Portrait of a Woman, GBP 6,300
London, 7 Dec 1960: St Rosalie Interceding on Behalf of the City of Palermo, GBP 5,000
London, 14 June 1961: Portrait of a Gentleman, GBP 19,000
Paris, 20 June 1961: Portrait of Clarissimus Erycius Puteanus (chalk, wash and gouache) FRF 4,100
New York, 15 Nov 1961: Portrait of a Genoese Officer, USD 27,000
London, 3 July 1963: Portrait of Lucy, Countess of Carlisle, GBP 14,000
London, 12 June 1968: Virgin, Child and St Anne, GBP 21,000
London, 26 March 1969: Portrait of a Man with a Beard, GBP 8,600
London, 25 June 1971: Heads of Four Negroes, Gns 400,000
London, 6 Dec 1972: Two Studies of the Head of a Man (oil on mounted paper on canvas) GBP 17,000
London, 11 July 1973: Marchioness Lomellini-Donazzo, GBP 180,000
London, 2 July 1976: Virgin and Child (c. 1627-1632, oil on panel, 60¾ × 42½ ins/154.5 × 108 cm) GBP 200,000
New York, 16 June 1977: Portrait of Don Paolo Gordano Orsini, Duke of Bracciano (oil on canvas, 74¼ × 53¼ ins/188.5 × 135 cm) USD 27,000
Bern, 9 June 1978: Frans Francken (c. 1635, etching) CHF 7,000
New York, 16 Feb 1979: Pieter Brueghel the Younger (etching, 9½ × 6 ins/24.4 × 15.5 cm) USD 12,000
London, 3 May 1979: Study of a Kneeling Man (double-sided drawing in black chalk, 8½ × 6¾ ins/21.7 × 17 cm) GBP 2,000
London, 9 April 1981: Studies of the Holy Family and the Head of a Monk (recto); Virgin and Child with Two Saints and a Cottage (verso) (pen and brown ink/paper, 7½ × 5½ ins/19.3 × 14 cm) GBP 13,000
Bern, 24 June 1983: Lucas Vorstermans (c. 1640, etching) CHF 1,500
London, 3 July 1984: Wooded Landscape with a House on the Right (watercolour, pen and brown ink, 7½ × 14¼ ins/18.9 × 36.3 cm) GBP 240,000; Portrait of Hendrick van Balen (black chalk, 9½ × 7¾ ins/24.3 × 19.7 cm) GBP 540,000
London, 23 Nov 1984: Portrait of Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford, Holding a Rose (oil on canvas, 39¾ × 32½ ins/101 × 82.5 cm) GBP 150,000
London, 9 July 1986: Portrait of Dorothy, Lady Dacre (oil on canvas, 51¼ × 40½ ins/130 × 103 cm) GBP 145,000
New York, 17 Nov 1986: St Jerome, St George, St Catherine of Alexandria, and Holy Monks (brush, brown ink and grey wash, 11½ × 9½ ins/29.5 × 24 cm) USD 130,000
New York, 20 Nov 1986: Jan de Wael (before 1632, etching and burin, 10 × 7 ins/25.3 × 18 cm) USD 32,000
London, 6 July 1987: Mystic Marriage of St Catherine (black chalk, pen and brown ink, brown and grey wash, 7¼ × 11 ins/18.2 × 27.9 cm) GBP 220,000
Stockholm, 29 April 1988: Portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria (oil on canvas, 48½ × 35½ ins/123 × 90 cm) SEK 16,000
Stockholm, 15 Nov 1988: Portrait of a Man Dressed in Dark Colours (oil, 30¾ × 22 ins/78 × 55 cm) SEK 10,000
New York, 31 May 1989: Portrait of Nicholas Rockox Aged 76 Dressed in Black with a White Ruff (1636, oil on panel, diam. 6 ins/15.2 cm) USD 231,000
New York, 2 June 1989: Portrait of a Horseman (1634, oil on panel, 28¾ × 22 ins/73 × 55 cm) USD 374,000
London, 17 Nov 1989: Full-length Portrait of Mary, Princess Royal, in a Silver Embroidered Pink Dress with Ribbands and Lace Collar (oil on canvas, 61 × 42 ins/155 × 106.5 cm) GBP 880,000
New York, 1 June 1990: St James the Greater (oil on paper/canvas, 33¼ × 24¾ ins/84.5 × 63 cm) USD 176,000
London, 6 July 1990: St Jerome Penitent (oil on canvas, 51¾ × 70¼ ins/131.5 × 178.5 cm) GBP 110,000
London, 14 Nov 1990: Portrait of Thomas Wentworth, First Count of Strafford, Standing Holding his Armour (oil on canvas, 40 × 33 ins/101.5 × 84 cm) GBP 19,800
London, 2 July 1991: Paris (black and white chalk/light brown paper, 15¾ × 10 ins/40 × 25.5 cm) GBP 9,900
London, 9 Nov 1994: Portrait of George Hay, Count of Kinnoul, in Armour (oil on canvas, 85¾ × 52 ins/218 × 132 cm) GBP 82,900
London, 3 April 1996: Bust Portrait of Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Arundel, Dressed in a White Satin Dress with a Fur Stole on Her Right Shoulder (oil on canvas, 29¼ × 23¼ ins/74.5 × 59 cm) GBP 177,500
New York, 30 Jan 1997: Vanitas: Two Very Young Boys Blowing Bubbles (oil on paper/panel, 25¼ × 20¾ ins/64.1 × 52.7 cm) USD 41,400
London, 9 April 1997: Portrait of Sir Arthur Hopton (c. 1637-1638, oil on canvas, oval, 23¼ × 18¾ ins/59 × 47.5 cm) GBP 95,000
London, 3-4 Dec 1997: Full-length Portrait of Prince Charles Louis, Elector Palatine (oil on canvas, 86 × 49 ins/218.5 × 124.5 cm) GBP 771,500
New York, 29 Jan 1998: Venus and Adonis (oil on canvas, 68¼ × 68¼ ins/173.5 × 173.5 cm) USD 992,500
New York, 28 Jan 1999: Studies of Two Hands. Forearm and Legs of Man (black and white chalk, double-sided, 9 × 9 ins/22 × 23 cm) USD 8,500
London, 8 July 1999: Portrait of Nobleman, possibly Emanuel Frockas Pereira y Pimentel, Standing (oil on canvas, 87 × 50 ins/220 × 128 cm) GBP 390,000
New York, 11 May 2000: Paulus Pontius (etching, 9 × 6 ins/23 × 16 cm) USD 5,000
London, 13 Dec 2000: Bridled Grey Stallion, with Saddle Cloth and Partially Plaited Mane (oil on canvas, 52 × 42 ins/132 × 107 cm) GBP 700,000
London, 10 July 2001: Portrait of Lady Mary Villiers, Wearing Bronze Gown and Holding a Rose (oil on canvas, 42 × 33 ins/106 × 84 cm) GBP 390,000
New York, 3 Oct 2001: Portrait of Charles, Lord Strange, Later 8th Earl of Derby (oil on canvas, 28 × 22 ins/70 × 57 cm) USD 550,000
New York, 24 Jan 2002: Bust of the Apostle Thomas (oil on canvas, 24 × 19 ins/62 × 49 cm) USD 1,900,000; Bust of the Apostle Peter (oil on canvas, 24 × 19 ins/62 × 49 cm) USD 2,850,000
New York, 24 Jan 2003: Portrait of Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford (oil on canvas, 40 × 32 ins/101 × 82 cm) USD 280,000; Portrait of Mary Hill, Lady Killigrew, Wearing a Russet Dress before a Landscape (oil on canvas, 42 × 33 ins/107 × 83 cm) USD 600,000
Milan, 2 Dec 2003: Portrait of Lord John Belasyse (oil on canvas, 39 x 31in/99 x 78.7cm) EUR 200,000
Cologne, 22 May 2004: Portrait of Thirty-seven Year Old Man in Dark Clothing (oil on canvas, 50 x 39in/127 x 99cm) EUR 290,000
New York, 28 Jan 2005: The Incredulity of St Thomas (oil on canvas, 10 x 44in/25.4 x 111.8cm) USD 280,000
London, 7 Dec 2005: Portrait of Prince Charles Louis, Elector Palatine (oil on canvas, 42 x 37in/106.7 x 94cm) GBP 400,000
New York, 26 Jan 2006: Adoration of Shepherds (oil on canvas, 23 x 19in/58.4 x 48.3cm) USD 1,300,000
New York, 8 June 2007: Holy Family with an Angel, Perhaps the Rest on the Flight into Egypt (oil on canvas, 48 x 38¾in/122 x 98.5cm) USD 1,500,000
London, 5 Dec 2007: The Crucified Christ Adored by Saints Dominic and Catherine of Siena (oil on oak panel, en grisaille, 24½ x 17¾in/62 x 45cm) GBP 558,100
New York, 28 Jan 2009: Portrait of Anne Cavendish, Lady Rich (1612–1638) (c. 1637, oil on canvas, 51 x 87in/129.6 x 221.2cm) USD 542,500
London, 7 July 2009: Portrait of Mrs Oliver St John, later Lady Poulett (oil on canvas, 88¼ x 52¼in/224.2 x 132.7cm) GBP 881,250
London, 8 July 2009: Portrait of Endymion Porter (1587–1649) (oil on canvas, 45 x 37in/114.5 x 94cm) GBP 3,296,948
London, 9 Dec 2009: Self-portrait (oil on canvas, 23 ½ x 18 ½in/59.7 x 47.3cm) GBP 13,583,340
New York, 28 Jan 2010: Holy Family with an Angel, Perhaps the Rest on the Flight into Egypt (oil on canvas, 48 x 38¾in/122 x 98.5cm) USD 1,986,500Portrait of Nicholas Rockox (oil on circular panel, 6in/15.2cm) USD 1,538 500Two Studies of a Bearded Man (oil on canvas, 17¾ x 26½in/45 x 67cm) USD 7,250,500
London, 6 July 2010: Portrait of Anne Sophia, Countess of Carnavon (d. 1695) (oil on canvas, 79 x 52in/200.7 x 132.1cm) GBP 2,438,013
London, 7 Dec 2010: Portrait of a Gentleman, traditionally called A Senator of Antwerp, Half-length, Leaning on a Plinth (oil on canvas, 48¾ x 38¼in/123.9 x 97.2cm) GBP 1,652,778
London, 8 Dec 2010: Portrait of Sir John Mennes (1599–1671) (oil on canvas, 42¼ x 33½in/107.5 x 85cm) GBP 690,850
London, 6 July 2011: Portrait of a Carmelite Monk, Head and Shoulders (oil on oak panel, 24½ x 19in/62.3 x 48cm) GBP 713,250Study of a Bearded Man with Hands Raised (oil on oak panel, 35 x 21¾in/89 x 55.5cm) GBP 457,250
Bibliography
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- Van Puyvelde, Leo: ‘Van Dyck’, in Flemish Painters of the 17th Century Series, Elsevier, Brussels, 1959.
- Jaffé, Michael: Van Dyck’s Antwerp Sketchbook, 2 vols, Macdonald, London, 1966.
- Vey, Horst: Die Zeichnungen Anton Van Dycks, Verlag Arcade, Brussels, 1962.
- Strong, Roy C.: Van Dyck: Charles I on Horseback, Viking Press, London, 1972.
- Hook, Judith: The Baroque Age in England, Thames and Hudson, London, 1976.
- Martin, John Rupert/Feigenbaum, Gail: Van Dyck as a Religious Artist, Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton (NJ), 1979.
- Gaunt, William: Court Paintings in England from Tudor to Victorian Times, Constable, London, 1980.
- Larsen, Erik: L’opera completa di Van Dyck, catalogue raisonné, Rizzoli, Milan, 1980.
- McNarin, Alain: The Young Van Dyck, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 1980.
- Van Dyck in England, exhibition catalogue, National Portrait Gallery, London, 1982.
- Brown, Christopher: Van Dyck, monograph, Phaidon, Oxford, 1982.
- Millar, Oliver: Van Dyck in England, National Portrait Gallery, London, 1982.
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- Filipczak, Zirka Zaremba: Picturing Art in Antwerp, 1550–1700, Princeton University Press, Princeton (NJ), 1987.
- Smuts, R. Malcolm: Court Culture and the Origins of Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart England, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1987.
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- Wheelock, Arthur K., and others: Anthony Van Dyck, exhibition catalogue, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 1990.
- Brown, Christopher, and others: Van Dyck Drawings, exhibition catalogue, Thames and Hudson, London, 1991.
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- Mauquoy-Henrickx, Marie: L’Iconographie d’Antoine Van Dyck: catalogue raisonné, Bibliothèque Royale Albert Ier, Brussels, 1991 (2nd revised, extended edition).
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- Jaffé, Michael: ‘Drawings by Van Dyck. New York and Fort Worth’, in Burlington Magazine, vol 133, no. 1058, May 1991.
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- Barnes, Susan J./Wheelock, Arthur K. (eds.): Van Dyck 350, in Studies in the History of Art vol. 46, National Gallery of Art, Washington (DC), 1994.
- Moir, Alfred: Anthony van Dyck, Thames and Hudson, London, 1994.
- White, Christopher: Anthony van Dyck, Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel, J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu (CA), 1995.
- Hedley, Jo: Van Dyck at the Wallace Collection, Wallace Collection, London, 1999.
- Lawson, James: Van Dyck, Paintings and Drawings, Prestel, New York, 1999.
- Depauw, Carl/Luijten, Ger: Anthony van Dyck as a Printmaker, exhibition catalogue, Antwerpen Open, Antwerp, 1999.
- Royalton-Kisch, Martin: The Light of Nature. Landscape Drawings and Watercolours by Van Dyck and His Contemporaries, British Museum, London, 1999.
- Brown, Christopher (ed.): Van Dyck, exhibition catalogue, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 1999.
- Corns, Thomas N.: The Royal Image: Representations of Charles I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1999.
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- Vlieghe, Hans: Van Dyck 1599 - 1999: Conjectures and Refutations, Brepols, Turnhout, 2001.
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