Article
Peter Kidson, Michael T. Davis, Paul Crossley, Dany Sandron, Kathryn Morrison, Andreas Bräm, Pamela Z. Blum, V. Sekules, Phillip Lindley, Ulrich Henze, Joan A. Holladay, G. Kreytenberg, Guido Tigler, R. Grandi, Anna Maria D’Achille, Francesco Aceto, J. Steyaert, Pedro Dias, Jan Svanberg, Angela Franco Mata, Peta Evelyn, Peter Tångeberg, Carola Hicks, Marian Campbell, Elisabeth Taburet-Delahaye, A. M. Koldeweij, G. Reinheckel, Judit Kolba, Lennart Karlsson, Barbara Drake Boehm, Danielle Gaborit-Chopin, Virginia Chieffo Raguin, Yvette Vanden Bemden, Nigel J. Morgan, Daniel Kletke, Erhard Drachenberg, and Scot McKendrick
In
Article
Harriet Sonne de Torrens
Wooden statue (h. 680 mm; Stockholm, Stat. Hist. Mus.) made c. 1170–80. The elegant proportions of the Viklau Madonna mark the transition of Scandinavian art from the northern Romanesque period to the Gothic style. Roosval (1925) was the first to draw attention to the similarities between the slender proportions of the Viklau Madonna and the columnar figures ornamenting the portals of the Chartres Cathedral (see Chartres). The refined and sensitive facial features set it apart from earlier works and firmly align this wooden statue with the new emerging Gothic style in western Europe.
Originally from the parish church of Viklau on the Swedish island of Gotland, the enthroned figure of the Virgin (the figure of the Christ Child has long been missing), has been in the Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm since 1928. The diminutive size of the figure suggests that it might once have stood on an altar or formed part of a larger, wooden altarpiece. The fact that it is small in scale, carved from wood, painted and gilded, suggests it was portable and probably used in different locations....
Article
Carl D. Sheppard
Term applied to any object made by the Visigoths during their migrations across Europe from the 1st to the 8th century
The Visigoths were a Germanic tribe first mentioned by Pliny the elder in the 1st century
Article
Germán Ramello Asensio
[Basque: Gasteiz]
Spanish city and capital of the province of Alava. It can be divided in two parts: the upper old quarter, perhaps of Visigothic origin, occupies an extended slope that is ellipsoid in shape, with its longest axis running from north to south; while the surrounding modern industrial town extends to the south and is at a considerably lower level. The 14th-century Gothic S Maria, a cathedral since 1862, is at the north central part of the old quarter and contains a magnificent doorway (c. 1400) in the vaulted west portico. The elliptical shape of the old town is flanked by the churches of S Miguel (14th century), with a very fine Baroque retable by Gregorio Fernández (1624–32), and S Vicente (15th century; tower 1865). The 14th-century S Pedro at the west side of the old town contains a fine carved Gothic portal. The modern part of Vitoria begins at the Plaza de la Virgen Blanca, which leads to the Plaza Mayor (...
Article
Gordon Campbell
(fl 1497–1522).
German goldsmith and seal-engraver. He worked in Aachen, where he engraved seals for the Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V. His Gothic bust reliquaries are set on an architectural socle and are often of monumental dimensions, for example those of St Lambert (1508–12; Liège, St Lambert) and St Peter (...
Article
J. M. Maddison
[de Ambresbury; Herford]
(fl 1277; d 1309).
English architect. He was an important royal master mason during the period when the architecture of the English court led Europe in the development from High to Late Gothic. From 1277 to 1290 he directed the construction of Edward I’s Vale Royal Abbey, Cheshire, the largest Cistercian church built in Britain. In the following year he contracted with the abbot of Winchcombe, Glos, to complete the Abbey’s ‘new work’. In 1295 he became master mason of Caernarfon Castle , a post that he held until his death. He may have designed the tomb of Edward I’s mother, Eleanor of Provence, at Amesbury, Wilts, in 1291 (destr.). In 1304 he took part in Edward’s Scottish war, directing the production of stone ammunition at the siege of Stirling Castle and fortifying Perth. The Franciscan church in the City of London (destr.), founded by Queen Margaret in 1306, is also credited to him. The subsequent destruction of most of his work inhibits our understanding of the early Decorated style, although the masonry details of Caernarfon and surviving fragments from Vale Royal indicate his importance in the early development of Decorated mouldings. The plan of the London ...
Article
Gordon Campbell
In the 19th century Wardour Street (in Soho off Leicester Square) was London’s principal centre for ecclesiastical furnishers and second-rank furniture shops. The heavy Gothic Revival furniture sold in these establishments led to the term being used as a term of abuse both for this furniture and for historical writing in a Gothic idiom....
Article
R. Windsor Liscombe
(b Norwich, Aug 31, 1778; d Cambridge, Aug 31, 1839).
English architect, writer and collector . A ‘profound knowledge of the principles both of Grecian and Gothic architecture’ generated the career of Wilkins, who was also remembered as ‘a most amiable and honourable man’. He promoted the archaeological Greek Revival in Britain and a Tudor Gothic style. More intellectual than imaginative, his architecture was distinguished by a deft and disciplined manipulation of select historical motifs, a refined sense of scale and intelligent planning, outmoded by the time of his death. Besides his architecture and extensive antiquarian writings, Wilkins assembled an eclectic art collection and owned, or had a financial interest in, several theatres in East Anglia.
The theatres and Wilkins’s architectural bent were inherited from his father, a Norwich architect also called William Wilkins (1751–1815), who assisted Humphry Repton from 1785 to 1796 and established a successful domestic practice, mainly in the Gothick style. His eldest son was educated at Norwich School, then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, from which he graduated Sixth Wrangler in ...
Article
Peter Kidson, Michael T. Davis, Paul Crossley, Dany Sandron, Kathryn Morrison, Andreas Bräm, Pamela Z. Blum, V. Sekules, Phillip Lindley, Ulrich Henze, Joan A. Holladay, G. Kreytenberg, Guido Tigler, R. Grandi, Anna Maria D’Achille, Francesco Aceto, J. Steyaert, Pedro Dias, Jan Svanberg, Angela Franco Mata, Peta Evelyn, Peter Tångeberg, Carola Hicks, Marian Campbell, Elisabeth Taburet-Delahaye, A. M. Koldeweij, G. Reinheckel, Judit Kolba, Lennart Karlsson, Barbara Drake Boehm, Danielle Gaborit-Chopin, Virginia Chieffo Raguin, Yvette Vanden Bemden, Nigel J. Morgan, Daniel Kletke, Erhard Drachenberg, and Scot McKendrick
In
Article
Lynette Bosch
[Llorenz Saragozza]
(b Cariñena, Aragon; fl 1364; d 1401).
Spanish illuminator and painter. He worked in Valencia and Barcelona and was responsible for the continuation of the so-called International Gothic style in Catalonia, Aragon and Valencia. He is recorded in Valencia from 1364 to 1366; in the latter year he was working in Barcelona, where he was paid by Queen Eleanor (d 1374) for two retables, one of St Nicholas for the Franciscan convent in Calatayud and the other of St Catherine for the Franciscan convent in Teruel, both of which are untraced. In 1373 King Peter IV of Aragon (reg 1336–87) referred to him in a letter to the Council of Albocacer as the best painter of Barcelona. Lorenzo later returned to Valencia, where he is documented from 1377 to 1401, the year of his death. His varied commissions there included an embroidered cloth for the Armourers’ Guild (1390; untraced) and a series of ceiling paintings for the Casa del Peso Real (...
Article
Gordon Campbell
(b, c. 1450; d before 1519).
Swiss glass stainer. His workshop in Zurich produced small heraldic panels in the Gothic style; the fine detail was achieved by scratching flashed glass with a quill. There are examples of his glass in the Schweizerisches Landesmuseum in Zurich and (since 2000) in the Metropolitan Museum in New York....
Article
Franz Bischoff
[ZwietzelZwitzlZwizel]
German family of architects and masons. Jakob Zwitzel may have been related to Hans von Elchingen, who worked as a mason at Ulm Minster in 1471–2 and in 1479. Jakob was mainly active in Augsburg, where he was much influenced by the Late Gothic style of Burkhard Engelberg. Both his son ...
