Raphael: La Belle Jardinière, oil on panel, 1.22×0.8 m, 1507 (Paris, Musée du Louvre); photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Sposalizio, oil on panel, 1.70×1.18 m, 1504 (Milan, Pinacoteca di Brera); photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Madonna of the Meadow, oil on panel, 1.13×0.88 m, 1505 (Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum); photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Entombment, oil on panel, 1.84×1.76 m, 1507 (Rome, Galleria Borghese); photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Disputa, 1510–11, fresco (Rome, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican); photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Parnassus, 1510–11, fresco (Rome, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican); photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: School of Athens (c. 1510–12), fresco, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome

Raphael: Sistine Madonna, oil on canvas, c. 1513 (Dresden, GemäldegalerieAlte Meister)

Raphael: Transfiguration, oil on panel, 4.05×2.78 m, 1517–20 (Rome, Pinacoteca Vaticana)

Raphael: Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de’ Medici and Luigi de’ Rossi, oil on panel, 1.55×1.19 m, 1517–9 (Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi); photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Baldassare Castiglione, oil on canvas, 820×660 mm, c. 1514–15 (Paris, Musée du Louvre)

Raphael and Donato Bramante (attrib.): view into the dome of S Eligio degli Orefici, Rome, c. 1515; reconstructed c. 1600; photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist (recto), preparatory drawing for Madonna in the Meadow (1505–6), red chalk, 224×158 mm, c. 1503–5 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1964, Accession ID: 64.47); image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Raphael: Lucretia, pen and brown ink over black chalk, partially incised with a stylus (recto); rubbed with black chalk for transfer(?) (verso), 15-5/8 x 11-1/2 in. (39.7 x 29.2 cm), 1483–1520 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, 1997, Accession ID:1997.153); photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/90004100

Raphael: Pala Colonna (or Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints), altarpiece, oil and gold on wood, main panel, overall 67 7/8 x 67 7/8 in. (172.4 x 172.4 cm), painted surface 66 3/4 x 66 1/2 in. (169.5 x 168.9 cm); lunette, overall 29 1/2 x 70 7/8 in. (74.9 x 180 cm), painted surface 25 1/2 x 67 1/2 in. (64.8 x 171.5 cm), c. 1504 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1916, Accession ID: 16.30ab); photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/110001822

Michelangelo: Bruges Madonna, marble, 1503 (Bruges, Onze Lieve Vrouwe); photo © Francesco Gasparetti / Wikimedia / CC BY-SA 3.0

Michelangelo: David, marble, h. 4.34 m (incl. base), 1501–4 (Florence, Galleria dell’Accademia); photo © Jörg Bittner Unna / Wikimedia / CC BY 3.0

Leonardo da Vinci: ‘Mona Lisa’, panel, 600×470 mm, c. 1500–07 (Paris, Musée du Louvre); Photo credit: Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: Three Cardinal Virtues, Pope Gregory IX and Justinian I, 1510–11, fresco (Rome, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican); photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY

Leonardo da Vinci: Virgin and Child with SS Anne and John the Baptist, charcoal heightened with white , 1.41×1.04 m, 1500 (London, National Gallery); photo credit: Art Resource, NY

Marcantonio Raimondi: Judgement of Paris, engraving, c. 1517–20 (Paris, Musée du Louvre); photo credit: Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY

Raphael: study of a nude male figure (verso of Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist), pen and brown ink, 224×158 mm, c. 1503–5 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1964, Accession ID: 64.47); image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art