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Aarts, Johannes Josephus  

Jan Jaap Heij

(b The Hague, Aug 18, 1871; d Amsterdam, Oct 19, 1934).

Dutch printmaker and painter. He trained at the Academie voor Beeldende Kunsten in The Hague, where he subsequently taught graphic art (1893–1911). In 1911 he succeeded Pieter Dupont as professor in graphics at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam under the directorship of Antoon Derkinderen. In the early years of his career Aarts produced some paintings using the pointillist technique, mostly landscapes (The Hague, Gemeentemus.); he also carved some sculptures in wood. He is, however, best known for his graphic work. In technique and subject-matter, his prints have a great deal in common with those of Dupont. As the latter’s successor he devoted himself to the revival of engraving, which his predecessor had reintroduced; his own experiments in this medium (in particular his scenes with diggers and beggars, all c. 1900) are considered milestones in early 20th-century Dutch printmaking. He also applied his skills to etching, lithography, woodcutting and wood-engraving; of the latter his ...

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Abbey, Edwin Austin  

Pamela H. Simpson

(b Philadelphia, PA, April 1, 1852; d London, Aug 1, 1911).

American painter, illustrator, and muralist, active also in England. Abbey began his art studies at the age of 14 in his native Philadelphia where he worked with Isaac L. Williams (1817–95). Two years later he enrolled in night classes at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art working under Christian Schussele (1824–1979), but by then Abbey was already a published illustrator. In the 1870s his drawings appeared in numerous publications, but it was his work for Harper & Brothers that proved most important to his career. In 1871 he moved to New York, and in 1878, Harper’s sent him on a research trip to England. He found such affinity with the country that he made it his home for the rest of his life. After 1889 he devoted more time to painting, was elected a Royal Academician in 1898, and in 1902 was chosen by Edward VII (...

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Abeillé, Jack  

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 27 May 1873, in La Varenne-St-Hilaire.

Draughtsman, humorist, poster artist, illustrator.

Jack Abeillé collaborated on many newspapers and publications. He participated in collective exhibitions dedicated to humorous art, both in France and abroad. Most notably, he was one of the illustrators of ...

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Abeking, Hermann  

German, 20th century, male.

Born 26 August 1882, in Berlin; died 4 July 1939, in Berlin.

Draughtsman, illustrator, poster artist, caricaturist.

Symbolism, Jugendstil.

Hermann Abeking was still very much influenced by the Jugendstil, and particularly by Aubrey Beardsley and Jan Toorop. He worked on several German magazines, including the ...

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Achimsky, Sonia  

French, 20th century, female.

Born 13 August 1937, in Paris.

Painter, draughtsman.

Achimsky studied at a school of graphic art and began her working life as a draughtswoman in advertising and the cinema. She began to paint in 1972 and exhibited at group exhibitions in Paris and in the provinces. She exhibited regularly at the Salon d'Automne from ...

Article

AdamsMorioka  

Amy Fox

American graphic design firm. Founded in 1993 by Sean Adams (b Reno, NV, 19 July 1964) and Noreen Morioka (b Sunnyvale, CA, 6 July 1965). Often described as simple and pure, AdamsMorioka design is distinguished by its clear, pragmatic approach, joined often with optimistic bright colour palettes. Adams and Morioka met while studying at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) programme under professors Lorraine Wilde and Lou Danziger. After graduating, Adams (BFA 1986) and Morioka (BFA 1988) went their separate ways. Adams moved to New York to work at the New York Public Library and returned to Los Angeles in 1989 to work for April Greiman, Inc. After graduation Morioka joined Gensler and Associates in San Francisco as a graphic designer. A year later she travelled to Tokyo to work for Landor and Associates. While there she continued to build on corporate identity skills taught to her by Lou Danziger and was exposed to Landor’s extensive system of developing a corporate identity and then documenting the range of ways the identity should and should not be used. Upon returning to the United States in ...

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Adlen, Michael  

Russian, 20th century, male.

Active from 1923 and naturalised in France.

Born 15 May 1898, in Saki; died 21 January 1980, in Paris.

Painter, engraver, graphic designer, illustrator. Portraits, circus scenes, landscapes, still-lifes, flowers.

Michael Adlen settled in Vienna when still very young, attended art school there and started exhibiting. In ...

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Adler, Amy  

American, 20th – 21st century, female.

Born 1966, in New York.

Graphic artist, photographer.

Amy Adler studied at the Cooper Union in New York, receiving a BFA there in 1989. She also studied at the Hochschule der Kunste in Berlin, Germany, in 1987. She obtained a MFA from University of California (Los Angeles) in ...

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Adler, Oswald  

Romanian, 20th century, male.

Active in Israel from 1960.

Born 24 July 1912, in Romania.

Painter, engraver. Portraits, landscapes, animals.

Oswald Adler settled in Bucharest in 1934 and worked in advertising and graphic design. He trained late: he attended the academy of applied arts in Vienna in ...

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Afzal  

[Mir Afżal al-Ḥusaynī al-Tūnī]

(fl Isfahan, 1640–51).

Persian illustrator. Active during the reign of the Safavid shah ‛Abbas II (reg 1642–66), Afzal produced manuscript illustrations and single pages for albums in different styles. Most of the 62 paintings he made for the voluminous copy (St Petersburg, Saltykov-Shchedrin Pub. Lib., Dorn 333) of Firdawi’s Shāhnāma (‘Book of kings’) presented to the monarch by the head of the royal guard, Murtiza Quli Khan, are scenes of battles and combats in the Metropolitan style that was transferred from Herat to Bukhara (see Islamic art, §III, 4(vi)(c)). Unlike the tinted drawings of his contemporaries, Afzal’s single-page compositions use a rich, sombre palette highlighted with gold. Most depict the standard repertory of languid youths and lovers in the style of Riza, but are more erotic. Bishop with a Crosier (Los Angeles, CA, Co. Mus. A., M.73.5.456) is the only known Persian portrait of an Armenian religious figure; it shows a broad-faced, sensitively modelled figure similar in style to those in the ...

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Aguilar, Roger  

Cuban, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 1947, in Pilon.

Engraver, lithographer, graphic designer.

Roger Aguilar graduated from the school of artistic education in Cuba in 1965. He has taken part in collective exhibitions since 1967. In 1975 he was awarded first prize for lithography at the National Engraving Salon. He works as a graphic artist for the Ministry of Culture....

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Aichinger, Helga  

Austrian, 20th century, female.

Born 1937, in Traun.

Painter, pastellist, engraver, illustrator.

Having followed courses in calligraphy and typography at the fine art school in Linz, Helga Aichinger taught herself painting and engraving. From 1960 she executed woodcuts, pastels, collages, children's books and dolls. She exhibited in Vienna, Linz, Traun, Prague, Istanbul and Ankara and took part in collective exhibitions in Bologna, Bratislava, Belgrade, Beirut and at the Menton Biennale. Aichinger was awarded 'The Most Beautiful Books' diploma by the city of Vienna in ...

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Akelyen, Roger van  

Belgian, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 1948, in Antwerp.

Painter, watercolourist, graphic designer. Figures.

Roger van Akelyn evokes the anguish inherent in the human condition, sometimes using quasi-surrealist imagery.

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Akimov, Nikolay  

V. V. Vanslov

(Pavlovich)

(b Kharkiv, April 16, 1901; d Moscow, Sept 6, 1968).

Russian stage designer, director, painter and graphic artist of Ukranian birth. He studied in Petrograd (now St Petersburg) from 1915 to 1919 in an artists’ workshop under Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vasily Shukhayev. From 1920 to 1922 he worked as a stage designer in Khar’kov (now Kharkiv). In 1923 he returned to Petrograd, where he worked as a book illustrator and stage designer at the Theatre of Musical Comedy, the Theatre of Drama and the Gor’ky Bol’shoy Theatre of Drama; he also worked in Moscow, at the Theatre of the Revolution, the Vakhtangov Theatre and the Moscow Art Theatre (MKhAT). From 1929 he worked as a director, designing his own productions. He was the Art Director of the Leningrad Theatre of Comedy (1935–49), where the most notable productions he directed and designed were Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night (1938), Lope de Vega’s Dog in the Manger and ...

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Akimov, Nikolay Pavlovich  

Ukranian, 20th century, male.

Born 16 April 1901, in Khar'kov (now Kharkiv); died 16 September 1968, in Moscow.

Painter, stage designer, graphic artist, theatre director.

Nikolay Pavolovich Akimov studied under Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vasily Shukhayev in St Petersburg from 1915 to 1919. He worked as a stage designer in Kharkiv ...

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Al’tman [Altman], Natan  

V. Rakitin

(Isayevich)

(b Vinnitsa, Ukraine, Dec 22, 1889; d Leningrad [now St Petersburg], Dec 12, 1970).

Russian painter, graphic artist, sculptor and designer of Ukrainian birth. He studied painting at the School of Art in Odessa (1901–7) under Kiriak Kostandi (1852–1921), at the same time attending classes in sculpture. In 1908–9 he made a series of pointillist paintings. He visited Vienna and Munich in 1910 before going to Paris, where he worked at Vasil’yeva’s Free Russian Academy until 1912, producing paintings on Jewish themes and studying Cubism. In 1912 he went to St Petersburg, where he painted a number of Cubist portraits, for example of the poet Anna Akhmatova (1914; St Petersburg, Rus. Mus.). His Cubist work makes much use of faceting and transparent planes. From 1918 to 1921 he taught at the Department of Visual Arts (IZO) of Narkompros in Petrograd, but he was criticized for his attempts to identify Futurism with the art of the proletariat. Al’tman became well known as the designer of post-Revolutionary mass parades and monuments, for example the celebration of the first anniversary of the Revolution on ...