Conservation and Preservation

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Article

Abadie, Paul  

Claude Laroche

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Paris, Nov 9, 1812; d Chatou, Aug 2, 1884).

French architect and restorer. He was the son of a Neo-classical architect of the same name (1783–1868), who was a pupil of Charles Percier and architect to the département of Charente. The younger Paul Abadie began studying architecture in 1832 by joining the atelier of Achille Leclère and then entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1835. While he was following this classical training, he participated in the rediscovery of the Middle Ages by going on archaeological trips and then, from 1844, in his capacity as attaché to the Commission des Monuments Historiques. He undertook his first restoration work at Notre-Dame de Paris, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc. Abadie was appointed deputy inspector at Notre-Dame in 1845, and in 1848, when the department responsible for diocesan buildings was created, he was appointed architect to the dioceses of Périgueux, Angoulême and Cahors. He subsequently completed about 40 restoration projects, mainly on Romanesque churches in Charente, in the Dordogne and the Gironde, and as a diocesan architect he was put in charge of two large cathedrals in his district: St Pierre d’Angoulême and St Front de Périgueux. In the former he undertook a huge programme of ‘completion’, returning to a stylistic unity that was in line with current episcopal policy (...

Article

Abate, Giuseppe  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Painter, art restorer. Frescoes.

In 1860, while working on the Chapel of Castel-Capuano, Abate discovered and restored the frescoes so admired today in the great hall of the Court of Appeal in Naples.

Article

Adam, Nicolas-Sébastien  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 18th century, male.

Born 22 March 1705, in Nancy; died 27 March 1778, in Paris.

Sculptor, art restorer, decorative designer.

The second son of Jacob-Sigisbert Adam, Nicolas-Sébastien Adam left Nancy at the age of 16 and went to continue his studies in Paris. He made rapid progress and became widely known. The treasurer general of Languedoc summoned him to the Château de La Mosson, near Montpellier, and commissioned him to embellish his château with sculptures. He remained there for four years and in ...

Article

Adam, Pierre Michel  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th century, male.

Born 29 May 1799, in Paris.

Engraver (burin).

A pupil of Guérin and Oortman and a prominent engraver during the Restoration and the reign of Louis-Philippe, Pierre Michel Adam taught engraving at the Institut Royal des Sourds-Muets (Royal Institute for the Deaf). Among his prolific output, perhaps the best-known works are portraits engraved between ...

Article

Albacini, Carlo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 18th – 19th century, male.

Active in Rome.

Sculptor. Monuments.

Taught at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome and was responsible chiefly for the restoration of ancient monuments and sculptures. He was known still to be alive in 1807. In 1780 he was commissioned by Catherine the Great of Russia to sculpt the tomb of Raffael Mengs in St Peter's, Rome....

Article

Albert  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 18th century, male.

Active in Paris.

Sculptor.

Albert played an important part in the work carried out for the Prince de Condé between 1768 and 1774 on the Hôtel de Lassay and the Palais-Bourbon, especially the restoration of the ten groups of children placed along the balustrade of the palace roof....

Article

Alexii, Andreas  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 15th – 16th century, male.

Born in Durazzo in Albania; died 1504, in Spalato.

Sculptor, architect.

Andreas Alexii was the son of slaves and spent his whole life in Dalmatia, mainly in Spalato. He worked principally on the restoration and repair of chapels. Among his works are the chapel of St Catherine in the church of St Dominic in Spalato, the chapel of St Jerome and St Nicholas in the church of St John the Baptist (no longer in existence) in the town of Arbe on the island of the same name, and the Gothic baptismal chapel in the church in Arbe. In ...

Article

Alich, Heinrich von  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 14th century, male.

Painter.

Heinrich von Alich belonged to a third order and later entered the convent of St Peter in Erfurt. He painted the chapel of Corporis Christi in the convent's church in 1302, during restorations to the building.

Article

Allard, René  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th century, male.

Born 1878, in Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe.

Painter, draughtsman. Landscapes. Designs for stained glass.

René Allard studied at a painter's workshop in Angers, where he specialised in the restoration of stained glass windows. He lived and worked in Chartres (a renowned centre for stained glass window making) for many years, and was then appointed a teacher of glass painting in Paris at the Hôtel Salé, today the Picasso Museum. He exhibited his work in Paris at the Salon des Artistes Français ...

Article

Allegro, Agostino  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 19th century, male.

Born 1820; died 1889.

Sculptor (wood).

Agostino Allegro's best works include his restoration of the stalls at the cathedral of Genoa and a wardrobe at the Royal Castle of Turin.

Article

Amari, Claudia  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th – 21st century, female.

Born 24 March 1955, in Millesimo (Savona).

Sculptor (marble/bronze), draughtswoman, pastellist, art restorer. Mythological figures. Statues, groups, low reliefs.

Claudia Amari entered the Accademia di Brera in Milan in 1974, and also trained in the marble-working studios of Sem Ghelardini, Palla and Grossi in Pietrasanta and Carrara. Then in ...

Article

Ammannati, Giovanni  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 14th century, male.

Died 1340, in Orvieto.

Draughtsman, sculptor (wood).

In 1305, Giovanni Ammannati was employed on the restoration of the bell-tower of the town hall in Siena. In 1329 he designed the stalls of Orvieto Cathedral, later supervising their execution. He is documented as living in Siena in ...

Article

Ammon, Hans  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 17th century, male.

Active in Nuremberg.

Painter, engraver.

A pupil of Martin Beheim, Hans Ammon helped in the restoration of Nuremberg town hall. In 1778, a signed painting dated 1616 was at the town hall. It disappeared around this time, but is thought to be identical with a painting in the collection of Mme Leroy in Baden Baden bearing the same signature and dates....

Article

Anderhalden, P. Karl  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Swiss, 19th century, male.

Born 12 April 1842, in Sachseln.

Draughtsman, calligrapher, architect.

Anderhalden supervised various restoration works in Sarnen and the construction of the church of Rickenbach.

Article

Anders, Friedrich  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 18th century, male.

Painter, art restorer.

In a letter addressed to the Duke of Hamilton, the landscape painter P. Hackert sings the praises of Friedrich Anders as a painting restorer. Anders is known to have been retained by the King of Naples around 1797...

Article

Andrade [D’Andrade], Alfredo (Cesare Reis Freire) de  

Lucília Verdelho da Costa and Sandro Callerio

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Lisbon, Aug 26, 1839; d Genoa, Nov 30, 1915).

Portuguese painter, architect and restorer, active in Italy. He came from a middle-class family with trading interests in Italy. In 1854 Andrade went to Genoa, and friendships there with such artists as Tammar Luxoro (1824–99) led him to study painting with Alexandre Calame and later to study architecture at the Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti. He travelled widely, and in Italy he came into contact with Antonio Fontanesi and Carlo Pittura (1835/6–91), with whom he became one of the most active painters of the Scuola di Rivara. According to Telamaro Signorini, Andrade was among the painters who frequented the Caffè Michelangiolo in Florence. The influence of the macchiaioli painters is also evident from 1863 in his paintings, especially in Return from the Woods at Dusk (1869; Genoa, Mus. Accad. Ligustica B.A.)

Lucília Verdelho da Costa

Andrade’s work represents a transition from the Romantic school of Calame to the Naturalism of the Barbizon school. His landscapes show careful observation of nature. The locations in northern Italy seem to have been chosen for their melancholy and serenity, as in the landscapes of Fontanesi. Andrade’s pastoral scenes at dawn or dusk are seen through morning mists or against sunsets, or they depict uninhabited countryside. Most of these works, for example ...

Article

Andréa  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th – 21st century, female.

Born 1958.

Painter, art restorer.

Andréa trained as a copyist and conservator of paintings from 1974 to 1978, while continuing to work on her own art. She has a Master's degree in Chinese arts and letters, and is pursuing further study in this area at the fine arts academies in Beijing and Shanghai....

Article

Andrea di Paolo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 14th century, male.

Active in Gubbio (Umbria).

Sculptor.

Andrea di Paolo is mentioned with regard to payment for the restoration of a wall in the Palazzo del Podestà in 1383.

Article

Andrea, Cajus d'  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Austrian, 19th century, male.

Born 5 January 1849, in Innsbruck.

Painter, watercolourist, art restorer. Religious subjects, portraits. Church decoration.

Resident in Bozen, South Tyrol (now Bolzano, Italy), Cajus d'Andrea did his artistic training under Professor Ludwig Seitz in Rome, and also worked in Florence. He visited several cities in Italy during his study tours, notably Venice, Milan, Siena, Verona and Assisi. Eventually he became a Franciscan monk....

Article

Angelini, Bernadino  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 17th century, male.

Painter.

Father of mentor of Scipione Angelini; mentioned around 1660 as being involved in the restoration of a fresco in Perugia Cathedral.