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Article

Hoff, Robert van ’t  

Eveline Vermeulen

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Rotterdam, Nov 5, 1887; d New Milton, Hants, April 25, 1979).

Dutch architect and designer. He studied from 1906 to 1911 at the Birmingham School of Art, where he was influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement, the Glasgow school and the theories of W. R. Lethaby. He then studied (1911–14) at the Architectural Association in London, where he met David Bomberg and became acquainted with the Futurist and Vorticist avant-garde. His first executed designs—Løvdalla (1911), Huis ter Heide, near Utrecht, and Augustus John’s house (1913–14), Chelsea, London—show a predilection for varied façades and simple floor-plans; details are executed with great care. In 1914 he went to the USA to study the architecture and theories of Frank Lloyd Wright. The summer-house for J. N. Verloop (1914) and the country villa for A. B. Henny (1915–19), both at Huis ter Heide, reflect his admiration for Wright, and the latter, nicknamed the ‘Concrete villa’ for its inventive use of concrete-frame construction, established van ’t Hoff’s reputation. The house was adopted, first by the architects associated with ...

Article

Leck, Bart Anthony van der  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Dutch, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 26 November 1876, in Utrecht; died 1958, in Blaricum-Amsterdam.

Painter, potter, lithographer. Murals, designs for stained glass.

Groups: De Stijl, Abstraction-Création.

Bart van der Leck started out working for various glassmakers in his native Utrecht before going on to attend the college of industrial arts (where he studied under A.J. van der Kinderen) and then the royal academy of fine arts in Amsterdam. He lived in Amersfoort ...

Article

Mondrian, Piet Cornelis  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

real name: Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan

Dutch, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 7 March 1872, in Amersfoort (Utrecht), The Netherlands; died 1 February 1944, in New York (New York), United States.

Painter.

Neo-Plasticism.

De Stijl.

Piet Cornelis Mondrian was born into a strict Calvinist family. His father, the headmaster of a primary school in Amersfoort, insisted that his son secure his future by obtaining a degree in education. Mondrian complied with his father’s wishes and obtained formal qualifications enabling him to teach drawing and composition at secondary-school level. In 1892, however, Mondrian enrolled at the Rijksacademie in Amsterdam, where he is recorded as having been a diligent student. In order to earn some money, Mondrian gave drawing lessons in his spare time, sold copies of paintings that hung in local art galleries, and produced industrial blueprints. He maintained a close relationship with Jan Sluijters and Simon Maris, accompanying the latter on a trip to Spain in 1901....

Article

Mondrian [Mondriaan], Piet (er Cornelis)  

H. Henkels

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Amersfoort, March 7, 1872; d New York, Feb 1, 1944).

Dutch painter, theorist, and draughtsman. His work marks the transition at the start of the 20th century from the Hague school and Symbolism to Neo-Impressionism and Cubism. His key position within the international avant-garde is determined by works produced after 1920. He set out his theory in the periodical of De Stijl, in a series of articles that were summarized in a separate booklet published in Paris in 1920 under the title Le Néo-plasticisme (see Neo-plasticism) by Léonce Rosenberg. The essence of Mondrian’s ideas is that painting, composed of the most fundamental aspects of line and colour, must set an example to the other arts for achieving a society in which art as such has no place but belongs instead to the total realization of ‘beauty’. The representation of the universal, dynamic pulse of life, also expressed in modern jazz and the metropolis, was Mondrian’s point of departure. Even in his lifetime he was regarded as the founder of the most ...

Article

Zwart, Piet  

Sjarel Ex

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Zaandijk, May 28, 1885; d Wassenaar, Sept 27, 1977).

Dutch designer and typographer . After working in the tradition of the Arts and Crafts Movement, he came into contact in 1917 with De Stijl, which fundamentally changed the course of his work. Through Vilmos Huszár and Jan Wils, he met H. P. Berlage, for whom he worked as a draughtsman, and international artists working in typographic design, such as Kurt Schwitters, El Lissitsky and Jan Tschichold. His international importance is based on typographical works, such as those he made between 1923 and 1930 for NKF, the Dutch cable works, and for PTT, the Dutch postal service. His advertisements, inspired by Dada, often used a wide range of typography and could be read as messages, poems or advertising slogans, while being appreciated simply as designs. Zwart was also active as an interior designer; his most successful work in this field was the kitchen (1938) that he designed for the ...