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Article

Abedin, Zainul  

Jonathan M. Bloom

revised by Sheila S. Blair

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Kishorganj, East Pakistan [now Bangladesh], Nov 18, 1914; d Dhaka, May 28, 1976).

Bangladeshi painter and printmaker. He studied painting at the Government School of Art in Calcutta from 1933 to 1938, and then taught there until 1947. His work first attracted public attention in 1943 when he produced a powerful series of drawings of the Bengal famine. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 he worked as chief designer in the Pakistan government’s Information and Publications Division, and also became principal of the Institute of Fine Arts in Dhaka (later known as the Bangladesh College of Arts and Crafts), which he helped to found in 1948 and where he remained until 1967. From 1951 to 1952 he visited Europe and, in addition to exhibiting his work at several locations, worked at the Slade School of Art in London, and represented Pakistan at the UNESCO art conference in Venice in 1952. An exhibition of his work in Lahore in 1953 became the starting-point for a series of ...

Article

Abeele, Jos van den  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 1912, in Zingem.

Painter, engraver. Religious subjects.

Jos van den Abeele was a student at the fine art academies of Audenaerde, Ghent and Tournai. He used country folk as models for his works, which were often symbolic in nature.

Article

Acosta, Joseph Camille  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 3 February 1864, in Collobrières (Var); died 8 October 1923, in Collobrières.

Painter, watercolourist. Religious subjects, allegorical subjects, figures, nudes, portraits, landscapes with figures, seascapes.

Joseph Acosta came from a family of modest means and it was only because of a municipal bursary that he was able to take up studies at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris ...

Article

Adams, Norman  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

British, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 9 February 1927, in London; died 9 March 2005, in London.

Painter, illustrator, theatre designer. Religious themes.

London Group.

Norman Adams was a student at Harrow School of Art (1940-1946) before he went on to the Royal College of Art in London (...

Article

Adnan, Etel  

Andrew Weiner

Publication History:

Published online:
02 July 2009
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Beirut, 1925).

Lebanese painter and writer active in the USA. Daughter of a Greek Christian mother and a Syrian Muslim father, Adnan was educated in Lebanon before going on to study philosophy at the Sorbonne, Harvard, and the University of California, Berkeley. For many years she taught aesthetics at Dominican College, San Rafael, CA; she also lectured and taught at many other colleges and universities. During the 1970s Adnan regularly contributed editorials, essays, and cultural criticism to the Beirut-based publications Al-Safa and L’Orient-Le Jour. In 1978 she published the novel Sitt Marie Rose, which won considerable acclaim for its critical portrayal of cultural and social politics during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. Adnan published numerous books of poetry, originating in her opposition to the American war in Vietnam and proceeding to encompass topics as diverse as the landscape of Northern California and the geopolitics of the Middle East. Her poetry served as the basis for numerous works of theater and contemporary classical music....

Article

Agersnap, Hans  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Danish, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 1857 or 19 November 1859, in Ansager (Jutland); died 1925.

Painter. Religious subjects, portraits, landscapes.

Although Hans Agersnap did execute some portraits and religious paintings, he specialised in studying Denmark and reproduced the steppes of Jutland in various guises. His snow impressions are of particular interest....

Article

Agghazy, Julius or Gyula  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Hungarian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 1850, in Dombóvár; died 1919.

Painter. Religious subjects, genre scenes, animals.

Szolnok Artists' Colony.

Julius Agghazy studied initially at the academy in Vienna, then with Alex von Wagner and subsequently in Paris with Munkácsy. He sent his first picture to the Budapest Exhibition when he was 24. He executed a series of religious paintings portraying ...

Article

Agha, Zubeida  

Marcella Nesom-Sirhandi

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Faisalabad, 1922).

Pakistani painter. She introduced non-traditional pictorial imagery in Pakistan and initiated a new era in painting. She completed a degree in political science at Kinnaird College, Lahore. Her introverted disposition and concentrated study of philosophy formed the background against which her abstract ‘idea’ paintings emerged. At the Lahore School of Fine Art (1945), Agha began a study of Western art. In addition to copying Old Masters, she came into contact with contemporary Indian painting and folk art.

Mario Perlingieri, an Italian painter who had studied with Picasso, introduced Agha to abstraction in 1946. Unlike the majority of Pakistani artists in the 1950s and 1960s, who emulated Cubism (see Cubism, §I), Agha evolved a personal style synthesizing East and West. Four years in London and Paris (1950–53) brought her face to face with modern European art. Agha’s predilection for discordant shapes, tension, and mysterious and irrational juxtapositions link her art to that of Marc Chagall and Edvard Munch. An intensely private and cerebral individual, she was awarded the President’s Medal for Pride of Performance in ...

Article

Agrasot y Juan, Joaquim  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Spanish, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 1837, in Orihuela; died 1919, in Valencia.

Painter. Religious subjects, figures, portraits, genre scenes, landscapes.

Joaquim Agrasot y Juan trained under Francisco Martínez at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos in Valencia, and he completed his studies in Rome....

Article

Aitchison, Craigie  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

British, 20th century, male.

Born 13 January 1926, in Edinburgh.

Painter. Religious subjects, portraits, landscapes, still-lifes.

London Group.

Craigie Aitchison studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London from 1952 to 1954. In 1955 he was awarded a British Council scholarship and travelled to Italy, where he was affected by the light and landscapes of that country and by early Italian art. Using a deliberately blurred diaphanous technique, he paints a wide range of subjects in a Symbolist style with a certain degree of real or apparent naivety. His portraits, typically set against single colour backgrounds, recall the work of André Derain. It is in his poetic and harmonious landscapes that his affection for Italy is most apparent, as are his references to his native Scotland. Aitchison's subjects have included the Isle of Arran and his farmhouse near Siena, with his use of colour becoming more vibrant and lyrical as his work developed. A favourite religious subject is the Crucifixion which, like the artists of the Italian Renaissance, he sets in the landscapes that surround him. In ...

Article

Akhlaq, Zahoor ul-  

Marcella Nesom-Sirhandi

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Delhi, India, Feb 4, 1941; d Lahore, Pakistan, Jan 18, 1999).

Pakistani painter, sculptor and printmaker. Educated in Pakistan and abroad, he has consciously and successfully synthesized Eastern and Western aesthetic traditions. In 1963, a year after graduating from the National College of Arts, Lahore, he joined the faculty as a lecturer in art, later becoming a professor and head of the Department of Fine Arts. His studies abroad have included post-graduate work in London (1966–7, 1968–9) and the United States (1987–9).

Like many of his colleagues, Zahoor was influenced by his mentor, Shakir ‛Ali, principal of the National College of Art from 1961 to 1975. Both artists were motivated by art history, philosophy and aesthetics. Zahoor’s non-figurative paintings of the 1960s evolved into tangible—though not always realistic—images addressing the dualities of space and time, East and West. Most of his triptychs and single canvases were conceived within a grid that provides a stabilizing structure for their compositions. This grid refers to Zahoor’s admiration for the American artist ...

Article

Akopian, George  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Russian, 20th century, male.

Active in France.

Born 18 February 1912, in Baku.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, engraver, decorative designer. Religious subjects, figures, nudes, scenes with figures, landscapes, seascapes, architectural views, still-lifes, animals. Designs for tapestries, designs for mosaics, murals, church decoration.

A self-taught artist of Armenian origin, George Akopian went to France in ...

Article

Al’tman [Altman], Natan  

V. Rakitin

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(Isayevich)

(b Vinnitsa, Ukraine, Dec 22, 1889; d Leningrad [now St Petersburg], Dec 12, 1970).

Russian painter, graphic artist, sculptor and designer of Ukrainian birth. He studied painting at the School of Art in Odessa (1901–7) under Kiriak Kostandi (1852–1921), at the same time attending classes in sculpture. In 1908–9 he made a series of pointillist paintings. He visited Vienna and Munich in 1910 before going to Paris, where he worked at Vasil’yeva’s Free Russian Academy until 1912, producing paintings on Jewish themes and studying Cubism. In 1912 he went to St Petersburg, where he painted a number of Cubist portraits, for example of the poet Anna Akhmatova (1914; St Petersburg, Rus. Mus.). His Cubist work makes much use of faceting and transparent planes. From 1918 to 1921 he taught at the Department of Visual Arts (IZO) of Narkompros in Petrograd, but he was criticized for his attempts to identify Futurism with the art of the proletariat. Al’tman became well known as the designer of post-Revolutionary mass parades and monuments, for example the celebration of the first anniversary of the Revolution on ...

Article

Alberti, Henri  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 18 January 1868, in Paris.

Painter, illustrator. Religious subjects, portraits, genre scenes.

Henri Alberti studied under Doucet, J. Lefebvre and Luc-Olivier Merson. He first exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1894, and showed work there until 1920...

Article

Alexander, John  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th century, male.

Born 26 October 1945, in Beaumont (Texas).

Painter. Scenes with figures, religious subjects.

John Alexander is the leader of the Houston school known as Fresh Paint. His religious paintings have a theatrical quality, with bright colours and a sometimes primitive style. Several of his paintings are of fantastical scenes....

Article

Ahmet Ali  

S. J. Vernoit

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Şeker Ahmet Pasha]

(b Üsküdar, Istanbul, 1841; d Istanbul, 1907).

Turkish painter. In 1859 he became an assistant teacher of painting at the Military Medical High School in Istanbul. In 1864 Sultan Abdülaziz (reg 1861–76) sent him to Paris where, after a preparatory education at a special Ottoman school, he studied painting in the studio of Gustave Boulanger and then under Jean-Léon Gérôme at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Ahmet Ali was also instrumental in the acquisition of paintings from France for the Ottoman court. After nearly eight years of studies in Paris, he stayed in Rome for a year before returning to Istanbul, where he resumed his work at the Military Medical High School. In 1873 he organized in Istanbul the first group exhibition of paintings by Turkish and foreign artists to be held in Turkey. He was later appointed master of ceremonies at the Ottoman court and by the time of his death had risen to the office of intendant of the palace. His paintings were influenced by European art. They include landscapes, such as ...

Article

‛Ali, Shakir  

Marcella Nesom-Sirhandi

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Rampur, 1916; d Lahore, 1975).

Pakistani painter. A seminal figure, Shakir ‛Ali introduced Cubism to Lahore in 1952. His style quickly became fashionable there, was adopted in Karachi and dominated the art scene for more than a decade (see Pakistan, Islamic Republic of §III).

Shakir ‛Ali first studied painting at the Ukil Brothers Studio in Delhi. In 1938, after a year in that city, he joined the J. J. School of Art, Bombay, which promoted the British system of art education—drawing from cast and copying Old Masters. From the school’s director, Charles Gerrard, Shakir learned mural painting and was introduced to Impressionism. He also learned about indigenous art such as that at Ajanta (see Ajanta, §2, (i)) and the modern work of Roy, Jamini and Sher-Gil, Amrita.

After receiving a diploma in fine art from the Slade School of Art, London, Shakir ‛Ali studied with André Lhote in France. Moving to Prague, he joined the School of Industrial Design and studied textile design. From Prague, Shakir went to Lahore, where he was appointed Professor and head of the art department at the Mayo School of Arts. In ...

Article

Ali, Wijdan, Princess  

Sheila S. Blair and Jonathan M. Bloom

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[‛Alī Wijdān; Wijdan]

(b Baghdad, Aug 29, 1939).

Jordanian painter and art patron. She studied history at Beirut University College (formerly Beirut College for Women), receiving a BA in 1961. In 1993 she took a PhD in Islamic Art at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. After serving in the Jordanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and representing her country at United Nations meetings in Geneva and New York, Ali founded the Royal Society of Fine Arts in Jordan in 1979 and the Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts in 1980 (see Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of). In 1988 she organized in Amman the Third International Seminar on Islamic Art, entitled ‘Problems of Art Education in the Islamic World’, and in 1989 she organized the exhibition Contemporary Art from the Islamic World at the Barbican Centre, London. In 2001 she founded the Faculty of Arts and Design at the University of Jordan, and has received numerous awards in recognition of her work in the arts....

Article

Alleaume, Ludovic  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 24 March 1859, in Angers; died 1941, in Angers.

Painter, decorative artist, lithographer. Religious subjects, mythological subjects, genre scenes. Designs for stained glass.

He was a pupil of Ernest Hebert and Luc-Olivier Merson at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Between ...

Article

Amisani, Giuseppe  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 7 December 1881, in Mede Lomellina (Pavia); died 8 September 1941, in Portofino.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, illustrator. Figure compositions, religious subjects, figures, nudes, portraits, genre scenes, landscapes, seascapes, still-lifes (including flowers). Murals.

Giuseppe Amisani trained with Cesare Tallone and Vespesiano Bignami at the Accademia di Brera, Milan. In 1914 he began making frequent trips to Portofino and London; he also travelled around France, Egypt (where Prince Farouk commissioned paintings from him in the 1920s), Algeria and South America. He exhibited his works during his travels....