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Article

Aberdeen Bestiary  

Jane Geddes

Publication History:

Published online:
16 September 2010
Collection:
Grove Art Online

Deluxe manuscript (Aberdeen, U. Lib., MS. 24) made in England around 1200. It is remarkable for its lavish illustrations, amply covered in gold leaf; for the wealth of its codicological data and for its close relationship to the Ashmole Bestiary. The book was left unfinished, so sketches and the detailed instructions for its colouring and assembly remain visible. The last few pages were completed in the 14th century. The book begins with a Creation cycle of full-page miniatures culminating in Adam Naming the Animals and Christ in Majesty. A portrait or narrative illustration of each animal precedes every text description.

The manuscript contains the press mark of King Henry VIII’s library, mainly assembled after the dissolution of the monasteries, but its provenance before 1542 is not known. Muratova (1986, pp. 118–144) uses cumulative information from a group of related manuscripts to suggest a provenance in the north-east Midlands; Geddes (...

Article

Admont Abbey  

A. Gerhardt

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

Benedictine abbey on the River Enns in Styria, Austria. It was founded in the mid-11th century by Bishop Gebhard from Salzburg, endowed by St Henna von Gurk, Gräfin von Friessach (d 1045), and settled by Benedictine monks from St Peter’s, Salzburg under Abbot Isingrin. The Romanesque minster (consecrated 1074), which was dedicated to St Blaise, was famous for its marble columns and was rebuilt after a fire in 1152; a Gothic choir was added in 1276–86. The present church incorporates Romanesque side doors as well as other fragments. The abbey became an important cultural centre with a renowned scriptorium. Amongst the many famous scholars there was Abbot Engelbert of Admont (reg 1297–1327). From 1121 to the 16th century a convent was attached to the abbey. Under the abbots Mathias Preininger (reg 1615–28) and Urban Weber (reg 1628–59) the whole establishment was transformed in the Baroque style, and the church was rebuilt (...

Article

(3) Albert [Albrecht] V, Duke of Bavaria  

Dieter J. Weiss

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

Alcobaça Abbey  

Lucília Verdelho da Costa

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

Cistercian abbey in Portugal. The abbey, dedicated to S Maria, was founded as part of the policy of repopulation and territorial improvement of the first king of Portugal, Alfonso I (reg 1139–85), who in 1152 granted a large area of land to St Bernard of Clairvaux by a charter known as the Carta dos Coutos (Lisbon, Arquiv. N.). Work on the monastery started in 1158 and adhered to the rigid precepts of the Order. Although the exterior was extended and altered in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially the Baroque façade of the church, the interior essentially preserves its original Early Gothic appearance.

W. Beckford: Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaça and Batalha (London, 1835/R 1972) M. V. Natividade: Ignez de Castro e Pedro o Cru perante a iconografia dos seus túmulos (Lisbon, 1910) E. Korrodi: Alcobaça: Estudo histórico, arqueológico e artístico da Real Abadia de Alcobaça...

Article

(1) Amadeus VIII [the Pacific], Count of Savoy [Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy; Pope Felix V]  

Sheila Edmunds

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(5) Anton Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel  

Johannes Zahlten

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(3) Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel  

Johannes Zahlten

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

Barovier family  

Rosa Barovier Mentasti

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

Italian family of glassmakers. The family are recorded as working in Murano, Venice, as early as 1324, when Iacobello Barovier and his sons Antonio Barovier and Bartolomeo Barovier (b Murano, ?1315; d Murano, ?1380) were working there as glassmakers. The line of descent through Viviano Barovier (b Murano, ?1345; d Murano, 1399) to Iacobo Barovier (b Murano, ?1380; d Murano, 1457) led to the more noteworthy Barovier family members of the Renaissance. Iacobo was responsible for public commissions in Murano from 1425 to 1450. From as early as 1420 he was a kiln overseer, with a determining influence on the fortunes of the Barovier family.

During the 15th century Iacobo’s sons, notably Angelo Barovier (b Murano, ?1400; d Murano, 1460), and his sons Giovanni Barovier, Maria Barovier, and Marino Barovier (b Murano, before 1431; d Murano, 1485) were important glassmakers. From as early as ...

Article

Bond, Richard  

Darryl Patrick

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(fl 1820–50).

American architect. There is evidence that Bond was trained by Solomon Willard. Certain of Bond’s designs suggest the Greek Revival approach that Willard brought from Washington, DC. Bond’s style moved between Gothic Revival and a Neo-classical heaviness. In the Salem City Hall of 1836–37 the two-storey Greek Revival façade shows his carefully proportioned details. An example of Gothic Revival is St John’s Episcopal Church and Rectory (1841), Devens Street, Boston, which has a rather heavy granite façade dominated by a square tower with a battlemented roof-line; there are large quatrefoil windows in the walls below. In the same year Bond was called to Oberlin College in Ohio to design First Church, which had to be a Greek Revival design. He worked on Lewis Wharf (1836–40; later remodelled), Boston, where certain walls reflect his attraction to boldly massed granite surfaces. Bond’s best-known buildings during his life were at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. These included Gore Hall (...

Article

(6) Cardinal Maurice [Maurizio] of Savoy  

Robert Oresko

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(6) Charles [Karl] I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel  

Johannes Zahlten

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(7) Charles [Karl] II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel  

Georg Ruppelt

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(2) Charles II Augustus [Karl II August], Duke of Zweibrücken  

Hans Ottomeyer

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(4) Charles Theodore [Carl Theodor; Karl Theodor], Elector Palatine of the Rhine and Elector of Bavaria  

Ingrid Sattel Bernardini

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(3) Charles-Emanuel [Carlo Emanuele] I, 11th Duke of Savoy  

Robert Oresko

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(8) Charles-Emanuel [Carlo Emanuele] II, 14th Duke of Savoy  

Robert Oresko

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(12) Charles-Emanuel [Carlo Emanuele] III, 17th Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia  

Sheila Edmunds

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(1) Christian IV, Duke of Zweibrücken  

Hans Ottomeyer

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

(9) Clemens August, Elector–Archbishop of Cologne  

Andrea M. Kluxen

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

Cruyl, Lieven  

J.-P. Esther

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Liévin]

(b Ghent, ?1640; d Ghent, ?1720)

Flemish priest, draughtsman and etcher, active also in Italy and France. While living in Wetteren (nr Ghent), he was involved in the completion of the Gothic St Michielskerk in Ghent. The construction of the western tower had been interrupted in 1566 because of religious unrest, and in 1652 steps were taken to complete it. After a Renaissance design was proposed in 1653, Cruyl submitted a drawing in Brabantine Late Gothic style (Ghent, Bib. Rijksuniv.) in 1662. His tower was to have been 134 m high, higher than the north tower of Antwerp Cathedral (1521). However, the project was never realized because of lack of funds. Although unoriginal and of an outdated style, the design had elegance and grandeur.

In 1664 Cruyl left for Rome, where he lived until c. 1670. During this time he drew many views of the city (e.g. 18 sheets, Cleveland, OH, Mus. A.) and etched ten plates representing the ...