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Article

Arp, Hans, Later Jean  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th century, male.

Born 16 September 1886, in Strasbourg; died 7 June 1966, in Basel.

Collage artist, engraver, sculptor, draughtsman, illustrator, poet.

Dadaism.

Der Moderne Bund, Dadaist groups in Zurich and Cologne, Artistes Radicaux, Das Neue Leben, Paris Surrealist Group, Abstraction-Création.

Hans Arp joined the École des Arts et Métiers in Strasbourg in 1902, at the age of 16. In 1903 he began painting and contributed to a local magazine. In 1904 he made his first trip to Paris. From 1905 to 1907 he studied under Ludwig von Hoffmann at the fine arts academy in Weimar, where he attended modern art exhibitions. He returned to Strasbourg, which his family then left for Weggis, on the edge of the Lac des Quatre Cantons in Switzerland. Between 1908 and 1910 he made a second trip to Paris and worked for a time at the Académie Julian. In Weggis he completed his first Abstract compositions and learned the art of modelling. In 1911 he co-founded the group...

Article

Dix, Otto  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 20th century, male.

Born 2 December 1891, in Untermhaus, near Gera (Thuringia); died 25 July 1969, in Oehningen (Lake Constance), Switzerland.

Painter (gouache), watercolourist, pastellist, wood engraver, etcher, lithographer, illustrator. Figure compositions, figures, portraits, landscapes.

Dadaism, Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity).

Berlin Dada.

Otto Dix was the son of a railway worker and was apprenticed to a painter and decorator from 1905 to 1909. Between the ages of 14 and 17 he studied drawing at the school of decorative arts in Gera, then he took courses at the schools of fine arts in Dresden and Düsseldorf from 1910 to 1914, a period during which he spent some time in Berlin. He volunteered as a machine gunner in World War I and was wounded twice....

Article

Janco, Marcel  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Romanian, 20th century, male.

Active in Switzerland from 1915 toc.1922, active then naturalised in Israel from 1942.

Born 24 May 1895, in Bucharest, born Marcel Iancu; died 21 April 1984, in Tel Aviv.

Painter, sculptor, engraver, illustrator, architect.

Dadaism.

Zurich Dadaist, Artistes Radicaux, Das Neue Leben, New Horizons...

Article

Johns, Jasper  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th century, male.

Born 15 May 1930, in Allendale (South Carolina) or Augusta (Georgia).

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker, mixed media, costume and set designer, illustrator. Encaustic.

Neo-Dadaism, Pop Art.

Jasper Johns grew up in South Carolina. He attended courses in art and painting at the University of South Carolina and, in 1948, enrolled in a commercial art school for two semesters in New York City. He served in the US Army for two years during the Korean War but was able to resume his studies at City College in New York in 1953, thanks to the GI Bill. It was at this time that he met his lifelong friend Robert Rauschenberg, the composer John Cage, and the dancer Merce Cunningham. He acted as artistic adviser for Cage and Cunningham’s dance company until 1972, collaborating with painters such as Robert Morris, Frank Stella, Bruce Nauman, and Andy Warhol. He lives and works in New York State and St Martin in the French West Indies. He has been a member of the New York Academy of Arts and Letters since 1988....

Article

Lissitzky [Lissitsky], El  

John Milner

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Lisitsky, El’ ; Lisitsky, Lazar’ (Markovich )]

(b Pochinok, Smolensk province, Nov 23, 1890; d Moscow, Dec 30, 1941).

Russian draughtsman, architect, printmaker, painter, illustrator, designer, photographer, teacher, and theorist.

After attending school in Smolensk, he enrolled in 1909 at the Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, to study architecture and engineering. He also travelled extensively in Europe, however, and he made a tour of Italy to study art and architecture. He frequently made drawings of the architectural monuments he encountered on his travels. These early graphic works were executed in a restrained, decorative style reminiscent of Russian Art Nouveau book illustration. His drawings of Vitebsk and Smolensk (1910; Eindhoven, Stedel. Van Abbemus.), for example, show a professional interest in recording specific architectural structures and motifs, but they are simultaneously decorative graphic works in their own right and highly suitable for publication. This innate awareness of the importance of controlling the design of the page was to remain a feature of Lissitzky’s work throughout radical stylistic transformations. He also recorded buildings in Ravenna, Venice, and elsewhere in Italy in ...

Article

Schlichter, Rudolf  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 20th century, male.

Born 6 December 1890, in Calw; died 1955, in Munich.

Painter (gouache), watercolourist, engraver, lithographer, draughtsman, illustrator, sculptor. Scenes with figures, figures, portraits, landscapes.

Dadaism, Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity).

Groups: Rihgruppe, Novembergruppe, Berlin Dadaist, Rote Gruppe (Red Group).

Rudolf Schlichter was initially apprenticed as a painter and enameller in a factory in Pforzheim. From 1907 to 1910 he was a pupil at the school of arts and crafts in Stuttgart, then studied as the pupil of Wilhelm Trübner and Hans Thoma at the fine arts academy in Karlsruhe until 1916. After serving during World War I, he returned to Karlsruhe, where he was one of the founders of the ...