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French, 20th century, male.

Born 19 August 1890, in Fontainebleau; died 22 April 1969, in Paris.

Painter, engraver, illustrator. Figure compositions, figures, landscapes. Designs for tapestries, wall decorations, stage sets.

Yves Alix studied at the Académie Julian in Paris, and won a place at the École des Beaux-Arts, but instead chose to enter the Académie Ranson, where Bonnard, Vuillard, K.-X. Roussel, Maurice Denis and Sérusier worked as teachers. He began exhibiting his work in 1912 at the Salon des Indépendants, of which he became a committee member, as well as at the Salon d'Automne. He also exhibited at the Salon des Tuileries and the Salon Comparaisons. Alix's work featured in a large number of solo exhibitions, mostly in art galleries in Paris, but also in Strasbourg, and at a retrospective exhibition in 1990 to mark the centenary of his birth, held at the Donadeï de Campredon hotel of the Isle-sur-la-Sorgue....

Spanish, 20th century, male.

Active in France from 1958.

Born 26 February 1937, in Madrid.

Painter (including mixed media), watercolourist, decorative designer, sculptor, engraver, draughtsman. Scenes with figures, figures, portraits. Stage sets.

Nouvelle Figuration, Figuration Narrative.

Eduardo Arroyo was educated at the Lycée Français in Madrid and then at the School of Journalism. At the age of 21, he left Franco's Spain for Paris, where he was to remain in exile for some 20 years. Although his original intention was to be a journalist rather than a painter, he saw painting as the most accessible and effective medium for his main aim, which was political militancy. He taught himself to paint, but this was made easier by the fact that it was not so much any possible aesthetic dimension to the work that interested him, but rather its immediate intelligibility and the power of the image. He brought together a mixture of techniques to create the effective image. Collage in its various forms was a constant feature of his style. In his early work, he often turned to what was then called 'Modification': that is, taking either a genuine picture from a second-hand shop, or a reproduction (as in the case of a work by Goya, Velázquez or Miró), and superimposing pictorial additions to alter the meaning, generally with the aim of being controversial and often humorous as well. He rapidly became a master of minimalist techniques, and soon began to exhibit at group shows. Some of these early shows were at the traditional exhibition centres, such as the Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui and the Salon de Mai. He was an influential member of the Salon de la Jeune Peinture, where he exhibited from 1960 onwards, and his exhibitions there between 1964 and 1969 (with Aillaud and Récalcati) triggered militant activity that led to a temporary change in the group's name....

British, 20th century, female.

Born 13 May 1879, near London; died 7 April 1961, in Sussex.

Painter, engraver, illustrator, designer, graphic designer. Still-lifes, landscapes, portraits. Designs for wallpapers and fabrics, furniture, stage sets.

Bloomsbury Group, Omega Workshops, London Group, Euston Road School.

Vanessa Bell was the daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen, the sister of Virginia Woolf and the wife of the art historian Clive Bell. She started her training with the Royal Academician Sir Arthur Cope, and continued it at the Royal Academy of Art under the direction of the American portrait painter John Singer Sargent between 1900 and 1904....

French, 20th century, male.

Born 26 June 1909, in Dijon; died 6 December 1996, in Paris.

Painter, collage artist, engraver, draughtsman. Wall decorations, designs for mosaics, stained glass windows, tapestries, stage costumes and sets.

A pupil at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lyons in 1930, Bertholle studied in Paris from 1932-1934, and subsequently attended classes run by the painter Roger Bissière at the Académie Ranson, where he met his friends and associates Manessier, Etienne-Martin, Le Moal and Véra Pagava. He was artistic director of the Gien porcelain factory from 1943-1957, and taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1965-1980. He was a member of the Institut de France, a Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur and a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Initially an admirer of Puvis de Chavannes, whose work he had encountered at the city museum in Lyons, Bertholle later discovered Manet (at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1932), and through the latter, Van Gogh and Renoir. Following his early, highly-coloured Expressionist period, Bertholle was greatly influenced by the Flemish fantasies of Breughel and Heironymus Bosch, and ultimately by the Surrealists - as may be seen in his painting of the ...

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 1920.

Painter (including gouache), draughtsman, engraver, illustrator, decorative designer. Stage costumes and sets, postage stamps.

Oscar Bonnevalle studied at the Ghent academy and went on to produce postage stamp designs which demonstrate a genuine feeling for realism and traditional folklore....

Mexican, 20th century, male.

Born 1905, in Mexico City; died 1947, in Mexico City.

Painter, lithographer. Figure compositions, scenes with figures, landscapes. Wall decorations, stage sets.

Julio Castellanos studied at the Academia de San Carlos in Mexico City. He then travelled around Latin America, the USA, and Europe. He was appointed director of theatrical enterprises at the ministry of art, and designed numerous ballet sets. He also painted mural decorations, notable for a school in Coyoacan and another in Peralvillo. As a result of his official duties and the fact that he was also teaching, his output was fairly small....

French, 20th century, male.

Born 14 April 1920, in Paris; died 1 June 1999.

Painter (including gouache), sculptor, engraver, lithographer, draughtsman, designer. Landscapes. Wall decorations, stage sets.

Olivier Debré began exhibiting his paintings in 1941, which were still Expressionist in style, at the Galerie Aubry in Paris, where in 1943, he displayed one of his first abstract works. In 1948 he began to exhibit his works at the Paris Salons: initially at the Salon des Surindépendants, in 1949 at the Salon d'Automne and the Salon de Mai, where he continued to exhibit. In 1952 and 1953 he took part in the first and second Salons d'Octobre, which were organised by Charles Estienne. In 1954 he exhibited at the Salon Comparaisons for the first time; in 1955 his work appeared at the Lissone Prize exhibition in Italy; and in 1957 he showed his works at the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles for the first time. After this he began participating in more and more national and international collective exhibitions: he was invited to the Marzotto Prize in 1961, and to the Paris Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui for the first time in 1962. In 1964, he won first prize at the Menton Biennale; in 1965 he became a member of the committee at the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles; in 1967 he participated in the exhibition of contemporary painting in the European Pavilion at the International Exhibition in Montreal, and also ...

German, 20th century, male.

Born 12 December 1888, in Schwerin.

Painter, engraver (wood), decorative designer. Portraits. Stage sets.

Ewald Dülberg worked in Munich from 1908 to 1912. In 1912 he was given a job as a consultant set designer; he carried on working as a portraitist while devoting most of his time to stage design....

Dutch, 20th century, male.

Born 17 June 1898, in Leeuwarden; died 27 March 1972, in Laren.

Painter, draughtsman, engraver (wood), lithographer. Figures, interiors, landscapes, urban landscapes, architectural views. Wall decorations, postage stamps.

M.C. Escher was born into a family of artists, and began by studying engineering at the technical university in Delft, while also studying at the school of architecture and decorative arts in Haarlem. A keen traveller, he lived in Italy from 1923 to 1935, and returned to settle in Holland in 1937. With a wide following in many countries, this Dutch artist’s works were not truly known and appreciated in France until 1972 onwards, despite some articles that had revealed his art to the French-speaking public prior to this.

He featured in the exhibition Lasting Attraction: Dutch Artists in Italy, 1806–1940 (De blijvende verlokking: Nederlandse kunstenaars in Italië, 1806–1940), which showed the impact of Italian travels on Dutch artists, in the Kunsthal in Rotterdam in ...

American, 20th century, male.

Born 10 December 1874, in Fort Wayne (Indiana); died 15 April 1960, in Falls Village.

Painter, engraver, illustrator. Wall decorations, stage sets, posters.

Charles Buckles Falls was a member of the Society of Illustrators and the National Society of Mural Painters and was awarded a number of distinctions....

French, 20th century, male.

Born 1 October 1913, in Paris; died 10 September 1998.

Painter (including gouache), watercolourist, engraver, designer. Figure compositions, figures, harbour views, still-lifes, flowers. Designs for mosaics, stage sets, church decoration, wall decorations.

Nouvelle Figuration.

André Fougeron came from a family of peasant labourers originally from the Creuse area. In his biography he describes his working life: after completing his basic education he began working as an apprentice draughtsman and then as a metalworker at one of the Renault plants before being made unemployed; he also married and had three children. As an artist he was largely self taught and attended evening classes. In ...

Austrian, 20th century, male.

Born 1930, in Vienna.

Painter, draughtsman, engraver, illustrator, sculptor, collage artist, decorative designer. Scenes with figures, figures. Stage sets.

Groups: Hundsgruppe (Dog’s group), Phantastischer Realismus group.

Ernst Fuchs enrolled at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Vienna in 1945. From 1946 to 1950, he was a pupil of Gütersloh, whom Salvador Dalí considered the most important painter of his time (after himself). In around 1950, he was one of the founders of the Viennese ...

German, 20th century, male.

Born 1869, in Düsseldorf; died 1939, in Düsseldorf.

Painter, engraver (etching), draughtsman, decorative artist. Landscapes, seascapes, urban views, harbour scenes, fishing scenes. Stage sets.

Wilhelm Hambüchen studied at the school of arts and crafts in Düsseldorf and worked for many years as a theatrical and decorative painter before devoting himself to landscape painting. He painted and etched numerous seascapes and participated in the major exhibitions in Düsseldorf....

French, 20th century, male.

Born 29 September 1935, in Philippeville, Algeria.

Painter, draughtsman, watercolourist, engraver, medallist, illustrator. Figures, landscapes. Wall decorations, designs for stained glass, postage stamps.

Irolla's figurative painting is traditional, depicting the skies of Champagne, its valleys, vineyards, village churches and streets. He executed stained glass windows (Châlons-sur-Marne), mural decorations (Vitry-le-François, St-Memmie, Châlons-sur-Marne) and numerous postage stamps. He also illustrated several books, notably ...

German, 20th century, male.

Born 28 June 1885, in Munich; died 1967.

Painter, draughtsman, illustrator, poster artist, decorative designer, lithographer. Stage costumes and sets.

Ludwig Kainer started out as a doctor and only later became an artist. From 1904 to 1914, he lived in Paris. In ...

Dutch, 20th century, male.

Active fromc.1920 active in France.

Born 8 April 1898, in Bandoeng, Java; died 1990.

Painter (including gouache), engraver, decorative designer. Scenes with figures, figures, nudes, animals. Stage sets.

Frits Klein was the father of Yves Klein and the husband of Marie Raymond. He executed stage sets and costumes for the Amsterdam Opera House's performances of: ...

American, 20th century, male.

Born 1910, in Philadelphia; died 1975.

Painter, sculptor, decorative designer. Stage sets.

Gabriel Kohn's father was an engraver, and he studied under him before being admitted at the Cooper Union in 1929 to study sculpture with Gaetano Cecere. He went on to learn modelling at the Institute of Design, while working for New York sculptors in the early 1930s. From ...

Russian, 20th century, male.

Active since 1975 in France.

Born 5 July 1940, in Moscow.

Painter (including gouache/mixed media), watercolourist, engraver, decorative designer, sculptor. Stage sets.

Yuri Kuper was the son of a violinist, and studied at the academy of fine art in Moscow from 1957 to 1963...

Austrian, 20th century, male.

Born 22 July 1886, in Vienna; died 1962.

Painter, engraver.

Erwin Lang was initially a stage set decorator in Vienna and Berlin, working chiefly on stage-set maquettes and models for his wife, the dancer Grete Wiesenthal. He was first and foremost a woodcut engraver, illustrating works including Dante's ...

[Yiannis, Giannis]

(b Arta, April 23, 1916; d Athens, Dec 20, 2009).

Greek painter, printmaker, illustrator, stage designer and decorative artist. From 1931 to 1936 he studied painting and printmaking at the Higher School of Fine Arts in Athens under Konstantinos Parthenis and Yannis Kefallinos (1893–1957). As soon as he graduated he participated in the exhibition of Greek printmakers that was organized in Czechoslovakia in 1936. The same year, on a scholarship from the Academy of Athens, he went to Rome and then to Paris to study at the Ecole Supérieure des Beaux-Arts and the Ecole des Arts et Métiers. He returned to Athens in 1940, when he participated in the last pre-war panhellenic exhibition, in which he was awarded the first prize. During the period of the German occupation (1941–4) he started painting portraits to earn his living. In these his restricted palette and the opposition of light and shadow with as little half-tone as possible reveal his concern with the flattening of form and space. His post-war canvases are painted with a directness of execution and solidly modelled forms. His concern with the structure of form led him gradually to geometrical compositions. In ...