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  • Open Section Twentieth-Century Art (3)

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Article

Eluard, Paul  

Valerie Holman

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Grindel, Eugène(-Emile-Paul)]

(b Saint-Denis, Dec 14, 1895; d Charenton-le-Pont, Seine, Nov 18, 1952).

French writer and collector. He was an innovative poet and was intimately involved with the Surrealist movement from its inception. He maintained a lasting friendship with Max Ernst, and his first wife Gala later married Salvador Dalí. He counted Pablo Picasso as one of his closest friends and dedicated more poems to him than to any other artist. Surrealist painters constantly stressed the importance of the inspiration they derived from the poets in their circle, in which Eluard was a central figure, largely because of his great sensitivity to the ways in which art and language could enhance each other. Not only did he publish numerous works dedicated to contemporary artists—notably Capitale de la douleur (Paris, 1926), La Vie immédiate (Paris, 1932) and Donner à voir (Paris, 1939)—but on many occasions he commissioned them to illustrate his poems: his collaborations with Max Ernst (Les Malheurs des immortels...

Article

Mesens, Édouard Léon Théodore  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 27 November 1903, in Brussels; died 13 May 1971, in Brussels.

Collage artist, art dealer, curator, poet.

Brussels Surrealist group, English Surrealist Group, Phases group.

After a promising debut as a composer, Édouard Mesens turned to poetry and, a devotee of Surrealism, acted as a liaison between that movement's Brussels and Paris chapters, organising numerous events including ...

Article

Penrose, Sir Roland  

Louisa Buck

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b London, Oct 14, 1900; d Chiddingly, E. Sussex, April 23, 1984).

English patron, poet, painter, sculptor and collagist. After completing his BA at Queens’ College, Cambridge, in 1922, he worked as a painter in France from 1922 to 1935 and through Max Ernst became closely involved with the Surrealist group in Paris. On his return to England, he established the British Surrealist Group and in 1936 organized the first International Surrealist Exhibition at the New Burlington Galleries in London, which provided Britain’s first full-scale exposure to the movement. He took part in most of the group’s activities and was secretary and treasurer of its showcase, the London Gallery, as well as co-editor of its publication, the London Gallery Bulletin.

Penrose began collecting art in the early 1930s and in 1938 bought Paul Eluard’s collection of Surrealist, African and other art. This included 40 major works by Max Ernst, including the Elephant Celebes (1921; London, Tate), several paintings by Giorgio De Chirico, most notably the ...