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Article

Aesslinger, Hans  

Jeffrey Chipps Smith

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b ?Munich, fl 1535; d Munich, 1567).

German sculptor, mason and medallist. In 1536 he became a master sculptor in Munich and shortly afterwards entered the service of Ludwig X, Duke of Bavaria. He moved to Landshut in 1537 to work on the construction of the Italian wing of the ducal Stadtresidenz. In 1555 he travelled to Neuburg an der Donau to oversee the shipment of stone for the palace’s chimneys. He was influenced by and may have assisted Thomas Hering, the sculptor of these chimneys (See under Hering, Loy). Also in 1555 he reverted to Munich citizenship.

The few surviving examples of his sculpture show him to have been an accomplished if somewhat derivative artist. Many seem to have been commissioned by Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria, who paid him an annual salary from 1558 (and perhaps as early as 1551) to 1567. Aesslinger’s limestone reliefs (both 1550) of the Massacre of the Innocents...

Article

Andrea Pisano da Pontedera  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 14th century, male.

Born c. 1290, in Pontedera; died between 26 August 1348 and 19 July 1349, in Orvieto (Umbria).

Sculptor, goldsmith, architect.

As the son of the goldsmith Ugolino Nini, it is likely that Andrea Pisano da Pontedera started by learning his father's trade. However, nothing is known of his early years except that he appears to have joined the studio of Lorenzo Maitani of Orvieto. From ...

Article

Armature  

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

Aspruck [Asbrugg], Franz  

Marion Hagenmann-Bischoff

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Franciscus]

(b Brussels, c. ?1570–80).

Flemish goldsmith, draughtsman, sculptor, copper engraver and embosser, active in Germany . As a skilled goldsmith from Brussels, he is documented at Augsburg between 1598 and 1604, and from 1603 as a tax-paying citizen; before this he was probably living in Friedberg nearby. After he is recorded as paying taxes three years in advance, traces of Aspruck fade away in 1604. Since he was not accepted as a master craftsman by the Augsburg goldsmiths’ trade, he worked with them as a ‘free artist’. His skills included draughtsmanship, modelling and casting as well as copper engraving, which he also taught to goldsmith apprentices and journeymen. Aspruck’s drawings from 1597 to 1601 show an individual style influenced by Hendrick Goltzius and Bartholomäus Spranger, for example Venus and Amor (1598; Hamburg, Ksthalle). He also sketched for other engravers, as is known, first of all, from the surviving publishing production of the Antwerp engraver Dominicus Custos in Augsburg. In ...

Article

Bandinelli, Baccio  

Charles Avery

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Brandini, Bartolomeo]

(b Gaiole in Chianti, Oct 17, 1493; d Florence, Feb 7, 1560).

Italian sculptor, painter and draughtsman . He was the son of Michelagnolo di Viviano (1459–1528), a prominent Florentine goldsmith who was in the good graces of the Medici and who taught Cellini and Raffaello da Montelupo. Baccio remained loyal to the Medici, despite their being in exile from 1494 to 1513, and this led to a flow of commissions after the elections to the papacy of Leo X (Giovanni de’ Medici) in 1513 and of Clement VII (Giulio de’ Medici) a decade later; after Cosimo de’ Medici became Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1537, these increased still further. This political stance made him unpopular with most Florentines, including Michelangelo, who were Republican at heart, and this lay at the root of much of the adverse criticism—not always justified—that greeted Bandinelli’s statues.

Baccio seems to have had an ambitious and impatient temperament, which led to frequent changes of master and of direction when he was learning his art. Until ...

Article

Barbier, Nicolas François  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 18th – 19th century, male.

Born 8 September 1768, in Namur; died 10 June 1826.

Architect, sculptor, engraver, metal worker.

Barbier studied first in Belgium before completing his studies in Antwerp at the studio of J. Verbekt. He was appointed sculptor of the king's buildings and lived for a time at the Louvre. His works include medallions of ...

Article

(1) Bartolomeo Spani  

Maria Cristina Chiusa

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

Bauhaus  

Rainer K. Wick

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Bauhaus Berlin; Bauhaus Dessau, Hochschule für Gestaltung; Staatliches Bauhaus in Weimar]

German school of art, design and architecture, founded by Walter Gropius. It was active in Weimar from 1919 to 1925, in Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and in Berlin from 1932 to 1933, when it was closed down by the Nazi authorities. The Bauhaus’s name referred to the medieval Bauhütten or masons’ lodges. The school re-established workshop training, as opposed to impractical academic studio education. Its contribution to the development of Functionalism in architecture was widely influential. It exemplified the contemporary desire to form unified academies incorporating art colleges, colleges of arts and crafts and schools of architecture, thus promoting a closer cooperation between the practice of ‘fine’ and ‘applied’ art and architecture. The origins of the school lay in attempts in the 19th and early 20th centuries to re-establish the bond between artistic creativity and manufacturing that had been broken by the Industrial Revolution. According to Walter Gropius in ...

Article

Bedel, Jacques  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Argentinian, 20th century, male.

Painter, sculptor, mixed media, architect.

Bedel's works are metaphorical. In relief to varying degrees, he combines shiny metal with dull organic materials to create models that resemble towns, while privileging the evocation of the book form. He gives poetic expression to his pessimistic preoccupations concerning the future of humanity....

Article

Beirens, Victor Léopold  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 1928, in Bruges.

Sculptor.

Beirens was a student at the school of St Luke in Shaerbeek. He practises direct carving and works with metal and terracotta. He was a professor at the provincial institute of architecture and applied arts in Hasselt....

Article

Bertoni, Flaminio  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th century, male.

Active in France.

Born 10 January 1903, in Varese (Lombardy); died 7 February 1964.

Sculptor, medallist, draughtsman, designer. Figures, nudes, portraits, architectural views, landscapes, seascapes, flowers.

Flaminio Bertoni studied composition and sculpture under Giuseppe Talamoni in the 1920s and frequented the ateliers of sculptors Lodovico Pagliaghi and Enrico Butti in Varese. After a short stay in Paris, he opened his own atelier in Varese in ...

Article

Bettignies, Jean-Baptiste de  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Flemish School, 18th century, male.

Born 22 September 1704, in Mons (Hainaut); died, in Italy.

Sculptor.

Bettignies was the third son of Claude-Joseph de Bettignies(1675-1740), an architect, sculptor and goldsmith in Mons.

Article

Bill, Max  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Swiss, 20th century, male.

Born 22 December 1908, in Winterthur; died 9 December 1994, in Berlin.

Sculptor, painter, architect, designer.

Abstraction-Création, Die Allianz, Concrete Art Group of Zurich.

Max Bill studied to be a silversmith from 1924 to 1927 at the Kunstgewerbeschule (College of Arts and Crafts) in Zurich. After attending a lecture by Le Corbusier, however, he changed his mind and opted for architecture instead. He studied at the Bauhaus in Dessau between 1927 and 1929, taking courses in metalworking, stage design, painting, and architecture. The first-ever exhibition of his paintings was held in Zurich in 1929. He spent the following year visiting France and Italy.

In 1932, Bill – accompanied by Jean (Hans) Arp – visited Piet Mondrian and, in 1933, he joined forces with Georges Vantongerloo. Between 1932 and 1936, he aligned himself with the Abstraction-Creation group, a spin-off from the Circle and Square ( Cercle et Carré ) movement launched a year earlier by Michel Seuphor; the two groups went on to form a collective known as ...

Article

Bill, Max  

Hans Frei

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Winterthur, Dec 22, 1908; d Zurich, Dec 9, 1994).

Swiss architect, sculptor, painter, industrial designer, graphic designer and writer. He attended silversmithing classes at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Zurich from 1924 to 1927. Then, inspired by the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (1925), Paris, by the works of Le Corbusier and by a competition entry (1927) for the Palace of the League of Nations, Geneva, by Hannes Meyer and Hans Wittwer (1894–1952), he decided to become an architect and enrolled in the Bauhaus, Dessau, in 1927. He studied there for two years as a pupil of Josef Albers, László Moholy-Nagy, Paul Klee and Vasily Kandinsky, mainly in the field of ‘free art’. In 1929 he returned to Zurich. After working on graphic designs for the few modern buildings being constructed, he built his first work, his own house and studio (1932–3) in Zurich-Höngg; although this adheres to the principles of the new architecture, it retains echoes of the traditional, for example in the gently sloping saddle roof....

Article

Bongiovanni, Bartolomeo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 19th century, male.

Born in Vicenza.

Sculptor, goldsmith, architect.

Article

Borsos, Miklós  

S. Kontha

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

[Nicolas]

(b Nagyszeben [now Sibiu, Romania], Aug 13, 1906; d Budapest, Jan 27, 1990).

Hungarian sculptor, medallist, draughtsman, engraver and painter. In 1922 he moved from Transylvania to Győr, Hungary, where, while preparing to become a painter, he learnt the craft of goldsmithing and engraving from his father. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Budapest, in 1928–9. He also spent considerable time during these years in Italy and southern France. His taste was influenced mainly by Classical work. The drawings and paintings from this period can be regarded as preparation for his career as a sculptor, although it was not until the early 1930s that he took up full-time sculpting. At first he produced copper embossings. In 1938 a trip to Transylvania inspired him to create larger copper reliefs, such as Women Hired to Mourn (1939; Pécs, Pannonius Mus.). His first stone statue Mother (Győr, Xantus János Mus.) was sculpted in 1933. Partly because of the nature of the material, and also because of his deep knowledge of ancient Egyptian and Greek sculpture, his figure sculptures are built from basic, essential forms. His success as a sculptor enabled him in ...

Article

Brunelleschi, Filippo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 15th century, male.

Born 1377, in Florence; died 16 April 1446, in Florence.

Sculptor (goldsmith), architect.

Much of our knowledge of Filippo Brunelleschi derives from a biography written around 1480 by Antonio Manetti, a contemporary of Brunelleschi. The son of a notary, Brunelleschi began his career as a goldsmith and in ...

Article

(3) Buonaccorso (di Vittorio) Ghiberti  

Gustina Scaglia

In 

Collection:
Grove Art Online

Article

Bussière, Ernest  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 1863, in Ars-sur-Moselle; died 1937, in Nancy, in 1913 according to some sources.

Sculptor (stone/marble/bronze), medallist, potter. Figures, architectural views. Monuments, low reliefs, statues, busts.

Art Nouveau.

School of Nancy.

Ernest Bussière exhibited in Paris at the Salon des Artistes Français, where he received an honourable mention in ...

Article

Cauvet, Gilles-Paul  

Gordon Campbell

Publication History:

Published online:
22 October 2008
Collection:
Grove Art Online