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Article

Abildgaard, Nicolai Abraham  

Jens Peter Munk

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Copenhagen, Sept 11, 1743; d Frederiksdal, Copenhagen, June 4, 1809).

Danish painter, designer and architect. His paintings reveal both Neo-classical and Romantic interests and include history paintings as well as literary and mythological works. The variety of his subject-matter reflects his wide learning, a feature further evidenced by the broad range of his creative output. In addition to painting, he produced decorative work, sculpture and furniture designs, as well as being engaged as an architect. Successfully combining both intellectual and imaginative powers, he came to be fully appreciated only in the 1980s.

He studied at the Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi in Copenhagen (1764–72), and in 1767 he assisted Johan Edvard Mandelberg (1730–86) in painting the domed hall of the Fredensborg Slot with scenes from the Homeric epic the Iliad. In 1772 he was granted a five-year travelling scholarship from the Kunstakademi to study in Rome. During his Roman sojourn he extensively copied works of art from the period of antiquity up to that of the Carracci family. His friendships with the Danish painter Jens Juel, the Swedish sculptor Johan Tobias Sergel and the Swiss painter Johann Heinrich Fuseli placed him among artists who were in the mainstream of a widespread upheaval in European art. In these years Abildgaard developed both Neo-classical and Romantic tastes; his masterpiece of the period is ...

Article

Adams, Robert (i)  

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Northampton, Oct 5, 1917; d Gt Maplestead, Essex, April 5, 1984).

English sculptor and painter. He studied at the Northampton School of Art from 1933 to 1944. During World War II he was employed as an engineer, and after the war he spent two years teaching himself to sculpt in wood. Though he had participated in various group exhibitions during the war, it was not until 1947 that he had his first one-man show, of sculpture, at the Gimpel Fils Gallery in London. He also produced abstract paintings, but soon came to specialize in sculpture. His early sculpture of this period, such as Figure (1949–51; London, Tate), showed the influence of Henry Moore, whose works he knew from photographs. These comprised forms abstracted from natural objects, executed in wood, plaster and stone. After his one-man show he made several extended trips to Paris, where he became interested in the work of Brancusi and Julio González. In 1950 he received a Rockefeller award from the Institute of International Education to visit the USA. Having by then an established reputation, he was also commissioned to produce a 3-m high carving for the Festival of Britain in ...

Article

Aeschbacher, Hans  

Christina Maurer

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Zurich, Jan 18, 1906; d Russikon, Zurich, Jan 27, 1980).

Swiss sculptor, painter and draughtsman. He was self-taught as a draughtsman and only turned to sculpture in 1936. His early sculptural work (1936–45) mainly comprises heads and torsos in addition to heavy, life-size female nudes. These works, mainly in marble and bronze, emphasize volume and were influenced by Aristide Maillol, Charles Despiau and Wilhelm Lehmbruck. During the 1940s Aeschbacher gradually subordinated the human form to a study of the stone’s own biomorphic structure. A series of amorphous Bumps heralded the final departure from naturalism. In 1952–3 Aeschbacher started to produce Stelae, a series of colossal but slender vertical structures that were influenced by the tectonic quality of Archaic Greek masonry. This new emphasis on verticality led after 1960 to the production of lighter, more airy works. Notable examples of work from this period are Figure IV (granite, h. 3.92 m, 1967; Bregenz, Kultzent. Schendlingen); Figure I (granite, h. 3.05 m, ...

Article

Agabiti, Pietro Paolo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 16th century, male.

Active from 1511 to 1540.

Born in Sassoferrato (Ancona); died, in Cupramontana (Ancona).

Painter, sculptor, architect. Religious subjects.

Many of Pietro Paolo Agabiti's paintings decorate the churches of his native town. Santa Maria del Piano has a Virgin with St Catherine and St John the Baptist...

Article

Agid, Olivier  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 20 January 1951, in Paris.

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman, illustrator.

Agid began his studies in 1970-1971 by taking one course of teaching and research on the environment. He studied architecture between 1971 and 1976, before registering in fine arts at the Université de Paris VIII....

Article

Ahyi, Paul  

Christine Mullen Kreamer

Publication History:

Published online:
21 February 2000
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Jan 25, 1930; d Lomé, Jan 4, 2010).

Togolese painter, sculptor, engraver, stained glass designer, potter and textile designer. Beginning in 1946, he received his secondary education in Dakar, where he also worked in an architecture firm. He travelled to France and received his diplôme supérieur from the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. A versatile artist, Ahyi is best known for his murals and for monumental stone, marble and cement public sculptures. His work reflects the fusion of his Togolese roots, European training and an international outlook, and he counts among his influences Moore, Braque, Modigliani, Tamayo, Siqueiros and Tall. His work combines ancient and modern themes and materials, maternity being a prominent topic. The messages of his larger, public pieces operate on a broad level to appeal to the general populace, while smaller works often reflect his private engagement with challenges confronting the human condition. His compositions are both abstract and figurative and evoke the heroism and hope of the two world wars, Togo's colonial period and the struggle for independence from France, as well as the political efforts of the peoples of Vietnam, South Africa and Palestine. Ahyi has won numerous international prizes, including the prize of the city of Lyon (...

Article

Albenda, Ricci  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 1966, in New York.

Sculptor, painter, installation artist. Murals.

Ricci Albenda studied at the Rhode Island School of Design, including courses in architecture, receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1988. His interest in architecture (as well as in graphic design and physics) figures prominently in his installation art, in which he creates environments which challenge the viewer's spatial perceptions. He uses such materials as fibreglass, wallboard, aluminium and acrylic paint. In his exhibition ...

Article

Alberti, Leon Battista  

Paul Davies and David Hemsoll

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Genoa, Feb 14, 1404; d Rome, April 1472).

Italian architect, sculptor, painter, theorist and writer. The arts of painting, sculpture and architecture were, for Alberti, only three of an exceptionally broad range of interests, for he made his mark in fields as diverse as family ethics, philology and cryptography. It is for his contribution to the visual arts, however, that he is chiefly remembered. Alberti single-handedly established a theoretical foundation for the whole of Renaissance art with three revolutionary treatises, on painting, sculpture and architecture, which were the first works of their kind since Classical antiquity. Moreover, as a practitioner of the arts, he was no less innovative. In sculpture he seems to have been instrumental in popularizing, if not inventing, the portrait medal, but it was in architecture that he found his métier. Building on the achievements of his immediate predecessors, Filippo Brunelleschi and Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, he reinterpreted anew the architecture of antiquity and introduced compositional formulae that have remained central to classical design ever since....

Article

Alberti, Leon Battista degli  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 15th century, male.

Born 14 February 1404, in Genoa, illegitimate son of a noble Florentine banking family (in exile at the time of his birth); died 1472.

Architect, theorist, painter, sculptor.

Leon Battista Alberti was a leading scholar and architect of the fifteenth century. After receiving his doctorate in canon and civil law from Bologna University in ...

Article

Albertolli, Giocondo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 18th – 19th century, male.

Born 24 July 1742, in Bedano; died 15 or 16 November 1839, in Milan.

Sculptor, designer of ornamental architectural features, draughtsman.

Studied initially at an atelier of sculpture in Parma, then at the academy there and in Rome. His fame as a designer of ornamental features spread rapidly and he was appointed to teach at the Milan academy in ...

Article

Albertoni, Antonio  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 16th century, male.

Active in Bolognac.1590.

Sculptor, designer of ornamental architectural features, draughtsman.

Article

Alexander, Peter  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th century, male.

Born 1939, in Los Angeles.

Sculptor, painter, collage artist.

Minimal Art, Finish Fetish, Light and Space.

Peter Alexander studied at the University of Pennsylvania from 1957 to 1962, the Architectural Association of London from 1960 to 1962, and the University of California ...

Article

Mélida y Alinari, Arturo  

Concha Vela

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Madrid, July 24, 1849; d Madrid, Dec 15, 1902).

Spanish architect, sculptor and painter, brother of Enrique Mélida y Alinari. He embarked on a military career in 1866 but abandoned it two years later to study architecture, in which he graduated from the Escuela de Arquitectura, Madrid, in 1873 and which was to remain his prime concern. He worked on architectural decoration for the archives and library of the Congreso de los Diputados, the assembly room (Salón de Actos, 1884) of the Ateneo, and the lunettes at S María, Alcoy. He also provided mural and ceiling paintings for various aristocratic mansions in Madrid, including the houses of Zuburu, Veragua, Urquijo and that of the banker Bäuer, the latter in collaboration with the sculptor Mariano Benlliure. In addition he restored the paintings of the façade of the Casa de la Panadería, Madrid. He provided illustrations for several books, including the Leyendas (Madrid, 1901) of José Zorrilla y Moral (...

Article

Allar, Gaudensi  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th century, male.

Born 1841, in Toulon; died 1904, in Marseilles.

Painter, architect. Landscapes.

Brother of the sculptor André Allar. An architect by profession, Gaudensi Allar was also a landscape painter who worked with broad brushstrokes and heavily applied colour. He was distinguished by his ability to capture ethnic scenes with accuracy, and with no hint of fake orientalism....

Article

Alvino, Giuseppe d'  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 16th – 17th century, male.

Born before 1550; died 11 April 1611.

Painter.

Giuseppe d'Alvino was a pupil of the painter and sculptor Giuseppe Spatafora. He is also believed to have been a sculptor and architect and a very fine draughtsman. Although he appears to have been extremely productive, few of his works have survived....

Article

Amadeo, Protasio  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 15th century, male.

Born near Pavia.

Painter, sculptor (?).

Protasio Amadeo was the brother of the architect and sculptor Giovanni Antonio Amadeo of Lombardy. Like his brother he was born in the mid-15th century and was the son of a farmer, Aloisio Amadeo, who lived on the outskirts of Pavia. Protasio trained as a painter and worked mainly for his brother, who was better known....

Article

Amutio y Amil, Federico  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Spanish, 19th century, male.

Born 18 July 1869, in Madrid.

Sculptor, painter, architect.

After completing his studies at Madrid's Real Academia de San Fernando, Amutio travelled to Rome. His sculptures were awarded first class medals at the national art exhibitions in Madrid between 1890 and ...

Article

Angers  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Austrian, 18th century, male.

Painter.

Angers was of Bohemian origin and, according to Dlabacz, painted historical subjects and architecture. His portrait of the Bohemian sculptor Mathias von Braun was engraved by Johann Balzer.

Article

Angolo del Moro, Giulio  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 17th century, male.

Born in Verona; died after 1618.

Sculptor, painter.

Brother of Battista Angolo; worked primarily in Venice in various churches and, as an architect, in the Ducal Palace. Many of his sculptures are to be found in Venice.

Article

Anguera, Jean  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 1953, in Paris.

Sculptor, draughtsman.

Symbolism.

Jean Anguera is the grandson of the sculptor Pablo Gargallo. He graduated in architecture in 1978 (UP2) in Paris. He also attended lectures by César Baldaccini at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (...