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Article

Abbéma, Louise  

French, 19th – 20th century, female.

Born 30 October 1858, in Étampes; died 1927, in Paris.

Painter (including gouache), watercolourist, pastellist, engraver, draughtswoman, illustrator. Allegorical subjects, genre scenes, portraits, interiors, flowers. Decorative panels.

Abbéma was a pupil of Chaplin, Henner and Carolus-Duran. Until 1926, she exhibited regularly at the Salon des Artistes Français, gaining an honourable commendation in 1881 and a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle of 1900. She was made a Chévalier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1906....

Article

Acke, Johan Axel Gustav  

Swedish, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 1 April 1859, in Stockholm; died 1924.

Painter, engraver, decorative designer. Genre scenes, landscapes.

Johan Axel Gustav Acke worked at the academy of art in Stockholm from 1876 to 1881 before going to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and travelling in Italy, Holland, Belgium and Finland, where he stayed for a considerable time....

Article

Akopian, George  

Russian, 20th century, male.

Active in France.

Born 18 February 1912, in Baku.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, engraver, decorative designer. Religious subjects, figures, nudes, scenes with figures, landscapes, seascapes, architectural views, still-lifes, animals. Designs for tapestries, designs for mosaics, murals, church decoration.

A self-taught artist of Armenian origin, George Akopian went to France in ...

Article

Alaux, Gustave  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 21 August 1887, in Bordeaux; died 27 February 1965, in Paris.

Painter, decorative artist, engraver (wood), illustrator. Historical subjects, portraits, nudes, seascapes, boats.

Gustave Alaux was the son of Daniel Alaux and great-grandson of Jean-Paul Alaux, otherwise known as Gentil (the Gentle). He studied under Marcel Baschet and Henri Royer at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français from ...

Article

Alaux, Jean-Pierre  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 14 November 1925, in La Ciotat.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, sculptor, lithographer, illustrator. Figure compositions, figures, nudes, portraits, interiors, landscapes, urban landscapes, seascapes, still-lifes. Wall decorations.

Symbolism.

Jean-Pierre Alaux was the son of François Alaux and the great-great-grandson of Jean-Paul Alaux. From ...

Article

Albers, Anni  

maiden name: Fleischmann

German, 20th century, female.

Active in the USA.

Born 12 June 1899, in Berlin; died 10 May 1994, in Orange (Connecticut), USA.

Draughtswoman, textile designer, printmaker.

Having studied in Berlin and Hamburg, Anni Albers went on to study at the Bauhaus from 1922 to 1930. She married Josef Albers and became an assistant teacher at a weaving workshop. In 1933, the two emigrated to the USA, founding the art department at Black Mountain College, a newly established liberal arts school in North Carolina. In 1949, Anni and Josef moved to New Haven (Connecticut) where he served as chair for the design department at Yale University.

As early on as her first teaching post at the Bauhaus, where she ran technical classes, she taught students to combine natural and synthetic materials in weaving, saying: ‘The material determines its own limits in the face of the tasks imposed by the imagination.’ After emigrating to the USA, she continued to teach this philosophy at Black Mountain College and was thus part of the considerable influence exerted by the college on the artistic movement that would go on to become the American School of the 1940s. Challenging historical distinctions between high and low art forms, she carved out space for fibre arts within the discourse of fine art. Her pedagogical approach not only integrated art, craft, and industry, but also emphasised the cultivation of moral character, self-sufficiency, and independence from machinery....

Article

Alechinsky, Pierre  

Belgian, 20th – 21st century, male.

Active in France from 1948.

Born 19 October 1927, in Brussels.

Painter (mixed media), watercolourist, engraver, illustrator, draughtsman. Artists’ books, wall decorations.

CoBrA group.

In 1944, Pierre Alechinsky was a pupil at the École d’Architecture et d’Arts in Brussels, interested in professions involving books, typography, and engraving. He always retained this preoccupation with the printed word and devoted a large part of his time to engraving, illustrating the books of poet friends, and writing himself. In 1947, he travelled to Morocco and Yugoslavia. That same year he began to exhibit in Brussels and became a member of the group Young Belgian Painting ( La Jeune Peinture Belge ). In 1948, he lived in Paris for the first time, and took part in the exhibition Dazzling Hands (Mains éblouies), held at the Galerie Maeght, which was dedicated to the arrival of the young second-generation abstract artists. At that time, Alechinsky belonged to the group CoBrA (standing for Copenhagen, Brussels, and Amsterdam). The group was formed during World War II, when several Danish artists succeeded in expressing their ideas in the ...

Article

Alix, Yves  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 19 August 1890, in Fontainebleau; died 22 April 1969, in Paris.

Painter, engraver, illustrator. Figure compositions, figures, landscapes. Designs for tapestries, wall decorations, stage sets.

Yves Alix studied at the Académie Julian in Paris, and won a place at the École des Beaux-Arts, but instead chose to enter the Académie Ranson, where Bonnard, Vuillard, K.-X. Roussel, Maurice Denis and Sérusier worked as teachers. He began exhibiting his work in 1912 at the Salon des Indépendants, of which he became a committee member, as well as at the Salon d'Automne. He also exhibited at the Salon des Tuileries and the Salon Comparaisons. Alix's work featured in a large number of solo exhibitions, mostly in art galleries in Paris, but also in Strasbourg, and at a retrospective exhibition in 1990 to mark the centenary of his birth, held at the Donadeï de Campredon hotel of the Isle-sur-la-Sorgue....

Article

Alkema, Wobbe  

John Steen

(Hendrik)

(b Borger, Feb 11, 1900; d Drachten, Jan 30, 1984).

Dutch painter and printmaker. He trained between 1919 and 1923 as a cabinetmaker, taking evening classes in furniture drawing and design at the Academie Minerva in Groningen. He also took private drawing lessons with the Dutch sculptor Willem Valk (1898–1977). Around 1920 he started to make drawings and paintings in an abstracted, geometric style, similar to that of Bart van der Leck (e.g. En passant, 1921–2; priv. col., see 1984 exh. cat., p. 17). From 1924 he worked in the architectural firm of Van Lingen in Groningen, and he continued to design furniture until the 1930s. He joined De Ploeg and started to mix with Dutch artists such as Jan Wiegers, Jan Altink (1885–1971) and Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman. He produced geometric abstract works such as Composition with Yellow Circles (1924; Groningen, Groninger Mus.). From c. 1924 he began to associate with the Belgian Constructivists involved in the magazine ...

Article

Alleaume, Ludovic  

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 24 March 1859, in Angers; died 1941, in Angers.

Painter, decorative artist, lithographer. Religious subjects, mythological subjects, genre scenes. Designs for stained glass.

He was a pupil of Ernest Hebert and Luc-Olivier Merson at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Between ...

Article

Alma, Peter  

Dutch, 20th century, male.

Born 18 January 1886, in Medan (Sumatra), Indonesia; died 1969, in Amsterdam.

Painter, engraver. Figures, landscapes, still-lifes. Wall decorations.

Gruppe Progressiver Künstler (Progressive Art Group), Socialistische Kunstenaars Kring (SKK) (Socialist Artists' Circle).

Peter Alma trained at the academy of fine art in The Hague between 1904 and 1906. Afterwards, he was influenced in succession by Impressionism and then Cubism. While living in Paris in 1914, he frequently mixed with Fernand Léger and Diego Rivera. He worked in Amsterdam. He belonged to the Dutch group in Paris with Conrad Kickert, Piet Mondrian and Lodewijk Schelfout. He exhibited during 1912 and 1913 at the Moderne Kunstkring in Amsterdam, the Sonderbund Ausstellung in Cologne and at the Salon des Artistes Indépendants in Paris....

Article

Amich, Mohamed  

Tunisian, 20th century, male.

Active in France since 1964.

Painter, engraver. Figure compositions, genre scenes, scenes with figures. Theatre decoration, designs for stained glass and for tapestries.

Mohamed Amich paints pictures of a Tunisia characterised by its traditions, festivals and crafts. Using a particularly wealthy range of colours, he construes and composes his works according to principal sketches and spatial structures, using a systematic approach stemming from Cubism via the teaching or example of André Lhote....

Article

Ancona, Sylvaine Raymonde  

French, 20th – 21st century, female.

Born 25 June 1947, in Tunis.

Painter, engraver, sculptor, decorative designer.

Sylvaine Ancona studied at the École Municipale de Dessin from 1965 to 1967, and at the École des Arts Décoratifs in Nice from 1967 to 1971. From 1981 to ...

Article

Andersen, Valdemar  

Danish, 20th century, male.

Born 3 February 1875, in Copenhagen.

Painter, draughtsman, humorist, lithographer, decorative designer.

Andersen was principally active in the applied arts. He also frequently published cartoons in the Klodshans periodical, and painted portraits, notably that of the writer Johann V. Jensen in ...

Article

Anderson, Akili Ron  

American, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 19 February 1946, in Washington DC.

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman, engraver, photographer, video artist, glassmaker, decorative designer. Theatre design.

AfriCobra Group.

Akili Ron Anderson attended the Corcoran School of Art and Howard University in Washington DC where he lives and works. He is a member of AfriCobra (African Commune of Bad Relevant Artists) founded in ...

Article

Andrier, Dominique  

French, 20th – 21st century, female.

Born c. 1950.

Painter (including gouache), draughtswoman, lithographer. Figures, interiors with figures. Wall decorations.

Dominique Andrier studied architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1970 to 1975. She has mostly painted since 1976. Since 1988, she has devoted herself to figurative painting, notably of women in their daily occupations, especially at their toilette....

Article

Arroyo, Eduardo  

Spanish, 20th century, male.

Active in France from 1958.

Born 26 February 1937, in Madrid.

Painter (including mixed media), watercolourist, decorative designer, sculptor, engraver, draughtsman. Scenes with figures, figures, portraits. Stage sets.

Nouvelle Figuration, Figuration Narrative.

Eduardo Arroyo was educated at the Lycée Français in Madrid and then at the School of Journalism. At the age of 21, he left Franco's Spain for Paris, where he was to remain in exile for some 20 years. Although his original intention was to be a journalist rather than a painter, he saw painting as the most accessible and effective medium for his main aim, which was political militancy. He taught himself to paint, but this was made easier by the fact that it was not so much any possible aesthetic dimension to the work that interested him, but rather its immediate intelligibility and the power of the image. He brought together a mixture of techniques to create the effective image. Collage in its various forms was a constant feature of his style. In his early work, he often turned to what was then called 'Modification': that is, taking either a genuine picture from a second-hand shop, or a reproduction (as in the case of a work by Goya, Velázquez or Miró), and superimposing pictorial additions to alter the meaning, generally with the aim of being controversial and often humorous as well. He rapidly became a master of minimalist techniques, and soon began to exhibit at group shows. Some of these early shows were at the traditional exhibition centres, such as the Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui and the Salon de Mai. He was an influential member of the Salon de la Jeune Peinture, where he exhibited from 1960 onwards, and his exhibitions there between 1964 and 1969 (with Aillaud and Récalcati) triggered militant activity that led to a temporary change in the group's name....

Article

Aubrun, Jacques  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 27 September 1898, in Paris; died 1976, in Paris.

Painter, engraver, decorative designer. Figures, portraits, landscapes.

Jacques Aubrun was a pupil of Fernand Cormon and the father of Michel Aubrun. He participated in the Salon d'Automne in Paris in 1923...

Article

Audra, Célestin Paul Rosemond  

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 25 July 1869, in Valence; died 2 February 1948, in Nice.

Painter, watercolourist, pastellist, draughtsman, engraver (including etching). Genre scenes, portraits, landscapes. Wall decorations, frescoes, designs for mosaics, stained glass windows, ornaments.

Having attended classes at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lyons in ...

Article

Ballet, André Victor  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 30 July 1885, in Paris.

Painter, engraver, decorative designer, binder. History painting, portraits, landscapes, flowers.

Ballet exhibited in Paris at the Salon des Indépendants until 1932, at the Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts between 1914 and 1939 and at the Salon des Artistes Décorateurs. He won several awards including one at the ...