British, 19th century, female.
Born 1834; died 11 February 1862, in London, of a laudanum overdose.
Painter, draughtswoman, illustrator, poet. Religious subjects.
Lizzie Siddal was a dressmaker and worked in a millinery shop. In 1950 the painter Walter Deverell asked her to pose as a central character in his painting ...
In its most general sense, spolia (pl., from Lat. spolium: ‘plunder’) denotes all artifacts re-employed in secondary contexts, from building blocks reused in a wall to pagan gems mounted on a Christian reliquary. It is a matter of debate whether this broad application of the term is justified, or whether it should be restricted to the relatively small subset of reused objects that were taken or ‘stripped’ (like spoils) from their original context, rather than found, purchased, inherited or otherwise acquired by non-violent means. It is likewise debated when the use of spolia should be considered meaningful, if at all. Arnold Esch defined five possible motives for using spolia: convenience, profanation, Christianization, political legitimation and aesthetic attraction. Michael Greenhalgh has argued for reducing the motives to three (at least with regard to marble): pragmatism, aesthetics and ideology; while Finbarr Barry Flood cautioned against reductive interpretations generated by any taxonomy, insisting that reused objects are mutable in meaning and capable of multiple interpretations during their life cycle....
Russian, 19th century, male.
Born 26 October 1842, in Luibez (Cherepovets district, Novgorod); died 13 April 1904, in Port Arthur (now Lushun, China).
Painter, designer, illustrator, writer. Historical subjects, military subjects, battles, genre scenes, portraits, figures, interiors with figures, church interiors, landscapes, townscapes, seascapes, architectural views, ruins, gardens, animals, birds, costume studies...
