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Als, Peder  

Marianne Saabye

(bapt Copenhagen, May 16, 1726; d Copenhagen, July 8, 1776).

Danish painter. Although he was mentioned in the court account-books as early as 1743, his first known painting dates from 1750. From then until 1756 he was active as one of the most important portrait painters of the Danish Rococo. His colouristic style and impasto technique were strongly influenced by the Swedish painter Carl Gustaf Pilo. The double portrait of the Court Jeweller C. F. Fabritius and his Wife (1752; Copenhagen, Stat. Mus. Kst) and the full-length Frederik V (1756; priv. col., see A. Russell, ed.: Danske slotte og herregårde [Danish palaces and manor houses] (Copenhagen, 2/1963–8), iv, p. 385) are among his masterpieces. An important collection of portraits by Als from this period is housed in the Nationalhistoriske Museum på Frederiksborg, Hillerød.

In 1755 Als was the first major gold medal winner at the newly founded Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi in Copenhagen, and the next year he began a six-year study trip to Italy and France. In Rome (...

Article

Migéon, Pierre, II  

(b Paris, 1701; d Paris, Sept 5, 1758).

French cabinetmaker. He was the son of the cabinetmaker Pierre Migéon I (b c. 1670). He started work in 1726, as his day-book (Paris, Bib. N.), originally attributed to his father, indicates. As much a dealer as a craftsman, Migéon sold a large number of luxury objects to a cosmopolitan clientele, and subcontracted extensively to colleagues. He carried out many commissions for the Garde Meuble de la Couronne, both directly and through the cabinetmakers Antoine-Robert Gaudreaus and Gilles Joubert. He worked in the Louis XV style using geometric veneering, some floral marquetry and lacquer, enhanced by beautiful bronze mounts. His most important works include desks (e.g. Paris, Louvre; Stockholm, Kun. Husgerådskam.), commodes, corner-cupboards (e.g. Munich, Residenzmus.; Basle, Haus Kirschgtn) and secrétaires en pente (e.g. Washington, DC, N.G.A.). After his death, his son Pierre Migéon III (1733–75) and later his son’s widow continued to use his stamp until ...

Article

Oppenord [Oppenordt], Gilles-Marie  

Elaine Evans Dee

(b Paris, July 27, 1672; d Paris, March 13, 1742).

French architect, designer and illustrator. He was in the first rank of architects during the great period of interior decoration in France during the first half of the 18th century. Appointed by the Duc d’Orléans as his chief architect and designer during the Regency (1715–23), Oppenord was in a position to wield a strong influence on the development of the Rococo style.

His father, who had moved to France from the Netherlands, was employed as an ébeniste ordinaire du roi, and from 1684 the family occupied an apartment in the Louvre. Oppenord studied briefly with Jules Hardouin Mansart, but his principal education as an architect and designer took place in Italy. As a protégé of the Surintendant des Bâtiments, Edouard Colbert (1629–99), the Marquis de Villacerf, Oppenord was sent to Rome in 1692 to be attached to the Académie de France there, initially for two years, although his stay was extended and in ...

Article

Schellenburg [Schellenberg], Johann Rudolf  

Matthias Frehner

(b Basle, Jan 4, 1740; d Töss, nr Winterthur, Aug 6, 1806).

Swiss watercolourist, draughtsman, etcher and illustrator. His father was the landscape painter and engraver Johann Ulrich Schellenburg (1709–95), and his maternal grandfather was the painter Johann-Rudolf Huber. In 1748 the family returned to Winterthur, where Schellenburg attended his father’s art school. From 1763 to 1764 he lived in Basle, where he produced portraits and Bauernstücklein (small rural pictures). After his return to Winterthur in 1774, he worked extensively as a draughtsman and etcher. At the same time he continued to work as an illustrator, undertaking commissions for publishers in Switzerland and Germany. These included Johann Kasper Lavater’s Physiognomische Fragmente (Winterthur, 1775–8) and work in the specialist area of entomology in Helvetische Entomologie (Zurich, 1798) and Archiv für Insektengeschichte (Zurich and Winterthur, 1781).

In addition to scientific illustrations, Schellenburg produced engravings of Swiss costumes and folklore, as in Recueil de XXIV différens costumes de la ville et du canton du Basle...

Article

Stothard, Thomas  

Mark Stocker

(b London, Aug 17, 1755; d London, April 27, 1834).

English illustrator, painter and designer. He was one of the most popular, prolific and successful artists of his time and was highly regarded by such contemporaries as Thomas Lawrence and Walter Scott. He was the son of a prosperous publican and completed his apprenticeship as a silk weaver (1770–77), before studying at the Royal Academy, London (1777–c. 1783). From the beginning of his career, book illustration was his main area of activity. His earliest surviving works are in the decorative Rococo mode, but he soon adopted the more idealistic Neo-classicism of John Hamilton Mortimer and James Barry. Together with his friends and near contemporaries, William Blake and John Flaxman, Stothard developed an austere, linear style of draughtsmanship. This is more pronounced in such drawings as Boadicea Inspiring the Britons against the Romans (c. 1780; Boston, MA, Pub. Lib.) than in his published illustrations, where the call for realism was stronger....