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Article

Alix, Yves  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th century, male.

Born 19 August 1890, in Fontainebleau; died 22 April 1969, in Paris.

Painter, engraver, illustrator. Figure compositions, figures, landscapes. Designs for tapestries, wall decorations, stage sets.

Yves Alix studied at the Académie Julian in Paris, and won a place at the École des Beaux-Arts, but instead chose to enter the Académie Ranson, where Bonnard, Vuillard, K.-X. Roussel, Maurice Denis and Sérusier worked as teachers. He began exhibiting his work in 1912 at the Salon des Indépendants, of which he became a committee member, as well as at the Salon d'Automne. He also exhibited at the Salon des Tuileries and the Salon Comparaisons. Alix's work featured in a large number of solo exhibitions, mostly in art galleries in Paris, but also in Strasbourg, and at a retrospective exhibition in 1990 to mark the centenary of his birth, held at the Donadeï de Campredon hotel of the Isle-sur-la-Sorgue....

Article

Amann, Hermann  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 20th century, male.

Active in France from 1960.

Born 1934, in Bad Bellingen.

Painter (including gouache), performance artist, watercolourist, engraver (etching), monotype artist, draughtsman. Stage sets, artists' books, posters.

Hermann Amann is very active. He has published written works and given numerous lectures on painting. As a painter, he produces very colourful, very musical works, with a dynamic rhythm, made up of geometric figures in thick lines or black rings, biomorphic forms and graphic signs. He also produces engravings (etchings and monotypes), artists' books ( ...

Article

Andreu, Mariano  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Spanish, 20th century, male.

Active in France.

Born 10 April 1888, in Barcelona; died 1977.

Painter, lithographer, illustrator. Figures, portraits, genre scenes, scenes with figures, still-lifes. Stage sets.

Mariano Andreu settled in France on a long-term basis and exhibited at the annual Paris exhibitions, at the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts in 1914, at the Salon d'Automne (of which he was a member) and at the Tuileries (after 1924). His first exhibition was in Barcelona, and he later also exhibited in London, Munich, New York and other cities. In 1936, he exhibited at the exhibition of ...

Article

Arago, Jacques Étienne Victor  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 19th century, male.

Born 1790, in Estagel near Perpignan; died 1855, in Paris.

Painter, watercolourist, engraver. Waterscapes, harbour scenes.

London, 28 May 1987: View of Sydney Harbour (1819, watercolour, in situ sketch, 11½ × 18 ins/28.9 × 45.7 cm) GBP 25,000

London, 26 Sept 2002...

Article

Arroyo, Eduardo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Spanish, 20th century, male.

Active in France from 1958.

Born 26 February 1937, in Madrid.

Painter (including mixed media), watercolourist, decorative designer, sculptor, engraver, draughtsman. Scenes with figures, figures, portraits. Stage sets.

Nouvelle Figuration, Figuration Narrative.

Eduardo Arroyo was educated at the Lycée Français in Madrid and then at the School of Journalism. At the age of 21, he left Franco's Spain for Paris, where he was to remain in exile for some 20 years. Although his original intention was to be a journalist rather than a painter, he saw painting as the most accessible and effective medium for his main aim, which was political militancy. He taught himself to paint, but this was made easier by the fact that it was not so much any possible aesthetic dimension to the work that interested him, but rather its immediate intelligibility and the power of the image. He brought together a mixture of techniques to create the effective image. Collage in its various forms was a constant feature of his style. In his early work, he often turned to what was then called 'Modification': that is, taking either a genuine picture from a second-hand shop, or a reproduction (as in the case of a work by Goya, Velázquez or Miró), and superimposing pictorial additions to alter the meaning, generally with the aim of being controversial and often humorous as well. He rapidly became a master of minimalist techniques, and soon began to exhibit at group shows. Some of these early shows were at the traditional exhibition centres, such as the Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui and the Salon de Mai. He was an influential member of the Salon de la Jeune Peinture, where he exhibited from 1960 onwards, and his exhibitions there between 1964 and 1969 (with Aillaud and Récalcati) triggered militant activity that led to a temporary change in the group's name....

Article

Arroyo, Eduardo  

Inmaculada Julián

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Madrid, Feb 26, 1937).

Spanish painter, sculptor, potter, printmaker and stage designer . As a painter he was mainly self-taught. After working as a journalist in 1957, he left Spain in 1958 to avoid military service, settling in Paris. There he continued to work both as a journalist and painter. From 1968 to 1972 he lived in Milan, returning to Paris in 1973. His work developed from expressionism to realism (Nueva figurina), which reflected on the pictorial language and function of painting and the artist’s role in society. He manipulated ready-made images, words and elements derived from commercial art and the work of other painters. His pieces formed series whose titles referred to the legacy of the Spanish Civil War and the contemporary political situation to help make their critical point. His work frequently provoked controversy, for example his series Arcole Bridge and St Bernard’s Pass (1962–6) was based on the theme of Napoleon Bonaparte as a symbol of imperialism (e.g. ...

Article

Ayrton, Michael  

Justine Hopkins

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b London, Feb 20, 1921; d London, Nov 16, 1975).

English sculptor, painter, printmaker and writer . He left school at 14 to begin his painting career. After spending time in France, Ayrton returned to England in 1939, finding success in stage design and art criticism. His writings in The Spectator (1946–8) were important in the acceptance of Neo-Romanticism. From 1946 he travelled widely in Italy, admiring the Quattrocento painters, especially Piero della Francesca. At Cumae he began the preoccupation with Greek mythology that continued throughout his life; he visited Greece regularly from 1957. After 1955 sculptures became his preferred medium, although drawing remained essential and he produced etchings and lithographs. However, his many bronzes of the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus (e.g. Icarus III, 1960; London, Old Change Court) remain his best-known images. The Arkville Maze (1968), built of brick and masonry, contains two lifesize bronze sculptures and still stands in the estate of Armand Erpf in the Catskill Mountains, New York (see Hopkins, p. 402)....

Article

Baes, Lionel Oscar  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 19th century, male.

Born 1839, in Ostend; died 1913.

Painter, watercolourist, engraver (including etching). Figures, portraits, nudes, landscapes, seascapes. Stage sets.

Lionel Baes was a student at the Antwerp academy and later became director of the free academy of Brussels. He painted scenery for theatres in Namur and Louvain, and he also produced landscape etchings....

Article

Baev, Georgi  

Juliana Nedeva-Wegener

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Burgas, Nov 8, 1924).

Bulgarian painter, printmaker and stage designer . In 1949 he graduated from the National Academy of Arts (Natsionalna Hudozhestvena Academia) in Sofia, having studied painting under Dechko Uzunov. In the early part of his career he made prints and did stage designs, but in the late 1950s he began to focus exclusively on painting. Although he depicted both industrial and urban landscapes (e.g. Industrial Landscape, 1979; Sofia, N.A.G.), he became better known as a painter of seascapes. His compositions are extremely tactile and consist of highly coloured planes and contrasting tones, tending towards abstraction and expressive drama. Seascapes are usually painted in intense hues of ultramarine and cobalt blue, forced together to create a sense of movement. Among his most popular marine paintings are Fishermen (1963) and Seaport (1969; both Sofia, N.A.G.) and Old Boats (1978; Sofia, City A.G.). After 1983 new philosophical tendencies appear in his paintings, although his seascapes continue to be his most expressive works....

Article

Bálint, Endre  

Éva Bajkay

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Budapest, Oct 14, 1914; d Budapest, May 3, 1986).

Hungarian painter, printmaker, critic and stage designer . He studied at the School of Applied Art, Budapest (1930–34). Bálint went to Paris for a short time and then attended János Vaszary and Vilmos Aba-Novák’s private school in Budapest, where he met his future brother-in-law Lajos Vajda, whose Constructivist–Surrealist style had a great influence on him. They spent their summers together at the Szentendre colony. Béla Czóbel’s lyrical expressive paintings also influenced Bálint’s early work. From 1939 to 1942 he edited the art column of the newspaper Népszava, to which his father had contributed until 1925, and also published his own articles. He destroyed many of his early works after World War II. The persecution of the Jews was the theme of a series of linocuts, By Candlelight (1939–41; see Román, nos 21–4). In 1946 he became a member of the European School in Budapest, and in 1947 he went to Paris and took part in the Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme (Gal. Maeght). Subsequently his work changed, and in his ...

Article

Barre, Jacques-Jean  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 18th century, male.

Born 3 August 1793, in Paris; died 10 June 1855, in Neuilly-sur-Seine.

Engraver, medallist, draughtsman. Coins, banknotes, postage stamps, seals.

Barre was apprenticed at the age of twelve to a carver, foundry worker and gilder. Four years later, he was drafted into the fire service in Paris, where he worked until ...

Article

Batlle Planas, Juan  

Nelly Perazzo

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Torroella de Montgri, Catalonia, Mar 3, 1911; d Buenos Aires, Oct 8, 1966).

Argentine painter, printmaker, illustrator, sculptor, and stage designer of Spanish Catalan birth. He arrived in Buenos Aires in 1913. Although his uncle, José Planas Casas (b Catalonia, 1900; d Argentina, 1960), taught him the rudiments of art, he was basically self-taught and began to exhibit his work in 1934. Synthesizing ideas from Zen philosophy, psychoanalysis, and the theories on cosmic energy espoused by the Austrian psychologist Wilhelm Reich with his interests in automatism, poetry, and painting, he found a creative sense of direction from an early age. He applied his methods not only to paintings but to stage designs, illustrations, collages, prints, polychrome sculptures, and boxlike constructions; as a painter he worked both in tempera and in oil, and he also produced seventy-two murals.

In 1936 Batlle Planas inaugurated a Surrealist phase with a series entitled Paranoiac X-rays, followed by another group of pictures, Tibetan Series, populated by spectral figures related to works by Yves Tanguy. Between ...

Article

Bell, Vanessa  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

British, 20th century, female.

Born 13 May 1879, near London; died 7 April 1961, in Sussex.

Painter, engraver, illustrator, designer, graphic designer. Still-lifes, landscapes, portraits. Designs for wallpapers and fabrics, furniture, stage sets.

Bloomsbury Group, Omega Workshops, London Group, Euston Road School.

Vanessa Bell was the daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen, the sister of Virginia Woolf and the wife of the art historian Clive Bell. She started her training with the Royal Academician Sir Arthur Cope, and continued it at the Royal Academy of Art under the direction of the American portrait painter John Singer Sargent between 1900 and 1904....

Article

Bertholle, Jean  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th century, male.

Born 26 June 1909, in Dijon; died 6 December 1996, in Paris.

Painter, collage artist, engraver, draughtsman. Wall decorations, designs for mosaics, stained glass windows, tapestries, stage costumes and sets.

A pupil at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lyons in 1930, Bertholle studied in Paris from 1932-1934, and subsequently attended classes run by the painter Roger Bissière at the Académie Ranson, where he met his friends and associates Manessier, Etienne-Martin, Le Moal and Véra Pagava. He was artistic director of the Gien porcelain factory from 1943-1957, and taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1965-1980. He was a member of the Institut de France, a Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur and a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Initially an admirer of Puvis de Chavannes, whose work he had encountered at the city museum in Lyons, Bertholle later discovered Manet (at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1932), and through the latter, Van Gogh and Renoir. Following his early, highly-coloured Expressionist period, Bertholle was greatly influenced by the Flemish fantasies of Breughel and Heironymus Bosch, and ultimately by the Surrealists - as may be seen in his painting of the ...

Article

Bierge, Roland  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th century, male.

Born 26 August 1922, in Boucau (Pyrénées-Atlantiques); died 26 December 1991, in St-Antoine (Gers).

Painter, monotype artist, pastellist, draughtsman, lithographer. Nudes, landscapes, still-lifes. Stage sets, designs for stained glass.

At the age of 15 Roland Bierge was taking evening classes in applied arts in Bayonne. As a painter, he was self-taught, discovering Van Gogh in ...

Article

Blechen, Karl  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 19th century, male.

Born 29 July 1798, in Cottbus; died 23 July 1840, in Berlin.

Painter, engraver, lithographer, decorative designer. Landscapes, landscapes with figures, seascapes, ruins, architectural views. Stage sets.

Biedermeier.

Karl Blechen studied at the Berlin Akademie der Künste under the landscape artist Lütke. As an impoverished young painter, he came to the attention of the architect and stage designer, Schinkel, who found him a job as scene painter at the Königstadt Theatre in Berlin in ...

Article

Blondel, Jacques-François  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Dutch, 18th century, male.

Born 1705, in Rouen; died 1774, in Paris.

Painter, watercolourist, engraver (burin). Genre scenes, landscapes with figures, architectural views, ruins. Stage sets.

Blondel lived in Amsterdam, and painted models of stage sets for the theatre in Amsterdam, which appeared at a sale in Amsterdam in ...

Article

Blumberg  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Latvian, 20th century, male.

Born 1943, in Riga.

Painter, engraver, draughtsman.

Blumberg attended the school of applied arts in Riga and later the Latvian academy of fine arts. He is also known for his posters and stage designs. He became a member of the Arts Association of the former Soviet Socialist Republic of Latvia in ...

Article

Bo, Lars  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Danish, 20th century, male.

Active from 1947 active in France.

Born 20 or 29 May 1924, in Kolding; died 21 October 1999, in Paris.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, engraver, illustrator, newspaper cartoonist. Stage sets, stage costumes.

Lars Bo was the son of an architect and painter who duly followed in his father's footsteps. His earliest drawings were of animals of every description. He enrolled at the academy of applied arts in Copenhagen in ...

Article

Bonnevalle, Oscar Hector  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 1920.

Painter (including gouache), draughtsman, engraver, illustrator, decorative designer. Stage costumes and sets, postage stamps.

Oscar Bonnevalle studied at the Ghent academy and went on to produce postage stamp designs which demonstrate a genuine feeling for realism and traditional folklore....