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Article

Aarts, Johannes Josephus  

Dutch, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 18 August 1871, in The Hague; died 19 October 1934, in Amsterdam.

Engraver, lithographer.

Johannes Josephus Aarts studied at the school of fine art in The Hague and became professor in graphics at the art academy of Amsterdam.

He executed wood engravings and etchings....

Article

Aarts, Johannes Josephus  

Jan Jaap Heij

(b The Hague, Aug 18, 1871; d Amsterdam, Oct 19, 1934).

Dutch printmaker and painter. He trained at the Academie voor Beeldende Kunsten in The Hague, where he subsequently taught graphic art (1893–1911). In 1911 he succeeded Pieter Dupont as professor in graphics at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam under the directorship of Antoon Derkinderen. In the early years of his career Aarts produced some paintings using the pointillist technique, mostly landscapes (The Hague, Gemeentemus.); he also carved some sculptures in wood. He is, however, best known for his graphic work. In technique and subject-matter, his prints have a great deal in common with those of Dupont. As the latter’s successor he devoted himself to the revival of engraving, which his predecessor had reintroduced; his own experiments in this medium (in particular his scenes with diggers and beggars, all c. 1900) are considered milestones in early 20th-century Dutch printmaking. He also applied his skills to etching, lithography, woodcutting and wood-engraving; of the latter his ...

Article

Aba-Novák, Vilmos  

S. Kontha

(b Budapest, March 15, 1894; d Budapest, Sept 29, 1941).

Hungarian painter, draughtsman and etcher. He trained as a drawing teacher at the College of Fine Arts, Budapest (1912–14). In 1913 he worked at the Szolnok colony and he served in World War I. He taught drawing for a while at the Technical University, Budapest. In 1922 he learnt etching from Viktor Olgyay at the College of Fine Arts. His early works show an affinity with the Group of Eight; later he moved closer to the work of the Activists, especially József Nemes Lampérth and Béla Uitz. He instinctively sought a dynamic and powerful form of expression. His pen-drawings and etchings are frequently based on biblical subjects and are characterized by a heroic conception, an illusory atmosphere and romantic associations. The etching Savonarola (1925; Budapest, N.G.) reveals his extraordinary compositional abilities, especially in the rendering of crowds, and his use of strong chiaroscuro. His landscapes are dominated by carefully composed, naturalist details and the exploitation of the dramatic effect of reflections. In his drawings, Cubist arrangements gradually gave way to a more diffuse composition. His nudes in the landscape (e.g. ...

Article

Abacuc, Silvano Gilardi  

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 1933, in Turin.

Painter, engraver.

Surfata Group.

Abacuc was a member of the Surfata Group, founded in 1964, whose objectives involved using Surreal imagery. Using a meticulous and detailed technique he depicts masses of entrails out of which emerge human heads....

Article

Abattucci, Pierre  

Belgian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 20 May 1871, in Molenbeek-St-Jean; died 1942, in Ixelles (Brussels).

Painter, engraver. Portraits, landscapes.

Having initially studied at the school of decorative arts, Pierre Abattucci went on to the fine arts academy of Brussels where he was a pupil of Joseph Stallaert and Portaels. He spent considerable time in Italy in various places including Venice, Florence, Assisi and Rome. He showed at the Brussels International Exhibition in 1910. In 1901, 1903 and 1904 he executed albums for the Société des Aquafortistes Belges, of which he was a member. He was professor at the Molenbeek-St-Jean Academy of Art. His landscapes, such as ...

Article

Abbéma, Louise  

French, 19th – 20th century, female.

Born 30 October 1858, in Étampes; died 1927, in Paris.

Painter (including gouache), watercolourist, pastellist, engraver, draughtswoman, illustrator. Allegorical subjects, genre scenes, portraits, interiors, flowers. Decorative panels.

Abbéma was a pupil of Chaplin, Henner and Carolus-Duran. Until 1926, she exhibited regularly at the Salon des Artistes Français, gaining an honourable commendation in 1881 and a bronze medal at the Exposition Universelle of 1900. She was made a Chévalier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1906....

Article

Abboud, Shafic, Chafic, Chafik or Shafik  

Lebanese, 20th century, male.

Active from 1947 in France.

Born 22 November 1926, in El Mhaidthe, near Bikfaya; died 9 April 2004, in Paris.

Painter, engraver.

Shafic Abboud set out to become an engineer, but broke off his studies in his third year at the French school of engineering in Beirut in order to study drawing and composition at the Académie Libanaise des Beaux-Arts in ...

Article

Abdel Aleem, Mariam  

Egyptian, 20th century, female.

Born 1929.

Engraver.

Mariam Abdel Aleem studied at the institute of art in 1954, and also studied engraving and printing in the USA. She was subsequently appointed professor at Alexandria's faculty of fine art.

She has taken part in a number of important group exhibitions, including the Biennale of engraving at Ljubljana and ...

Article

Abedin, Zainul  

Indian, 20th century, male.

Born 1914, in either Kishoreganj or Mymensingh (both now in Bangladesh); died 28 May 1976, in Dhaka.

Draughtsman, engraver, painter, printmaker.

Zainul Abedin studied at the government school of arts and crafts in Calcutta (now Kolkata) from 1933 to 1938, and was later a teacher there. His work first came to be noticed when he produced a series of drawings of the Bengal Famine of ...

Article

Abedin, Zainul  

Jonathan M. Bloom

revised by Sheila S. Blair

(b Kishorganj, East Pakistan [now Bangladesh], Nov 18, 1914; d Dhaka, May 28, 1976).

Bangladeshi painter and printmaker. He studied painting at the Government School of Art in Calcutta from 1933 to 1938, and then taught there until 1947. His work first attracted public attention in 1943 when he produced a powerful series of drawings of the Bengal famine. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 he worked as chief designer in the Pakistan government’s Information and Publications Division, and also became principal of the Institute of Fine Arts in Dhaka (later known as the Bangladesh College of Arts and Crafts), which he helped to found in 1948 and where he remained until 1967. From 1951 to 1952 he visited Europe and, in addition to exhibiting his work at several locations, worked at the Slade School of Art in London, and represented Pakistan at the UNESCO art conference in Venice in 1952. An exhibition of his work in Lahore in 1953 became the starting-point for a series of ...

Article

Abeele, Jos van den  

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 1912, in Zingem.

Painter, engraver. Religious subjects.

Jos van den Abeele was a student at the fine art academies of Audenaerde, Ghent and Tournai. He used country folk as models for his works, which were often symbolic in nature.

Article

Abeguian, Mgur  

20th century, male.

Born 1909, in Russia.

Engraver.

Exhibited at the 1961 São Paulo Biennale.

Article

Abel-Truchet, Louis  

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 29 December 1857, in Versailles; died 9 September 1918, in Auxerre, on the battlefield.

Painter, pastellist, engraver. Historical subjects, portraits, genre scenes, landscapes.

Until 1890, Louis Abel-Truchet was a tradesman by profession, but he went on to become a pupil of both Jules Lefebre and Benjamin Constant at the Académie Julian. He joined up voluntarily in 1914, at the age of 57, as a lieutenant in the First Engineers Regiment and took command of a camouflage unit. He was later awarded the Croix de Guerre, as well as the Légion d'Honneur, which he had already received as a civilian....

Article

Abelman, Ida  

American, 20th century, female.

Born 1910, in New York; died 30 December 2002, in New York.

Painter, engraver. Figures, scenes with figures, genre scenes.

Ida Abelman studied in New York at the Grand Central Art School, the National Academy School of Fine Art, City College of New York, Hunter College, the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League....

Article

Abram, Marthe  

French, 20th century, female.

Born in Paris.

Lithographer, draughtswoman.

Marthe Abram was a pupil of Parrot, Benjamin Constant and Jean-Paul Laurens.

Article

Abram, Ronald  

Dutch, 20th century, male.

Born 1938, in Amsterdam.

Screen printer.

Ronald Abram exhibited at many of the annual Paris Salons and at the international Biennale exhibitions in Paris. He used sheets of clear plastic to achieve the effect of depth in his Abstract geometric compositions, which were often based on the cube as a unit....

Article

Abramo, Livio  

Brazilian, 20th century, male.

Born 1938, in Araraquara (São Paulo); died 1992, in Asuncion, Paraguay.

Engraver (wood).

Abramo was primarily a wood engraver. In 1960, he founded an engraving studio in São Paulo in order to revive that technique. From 1948, he participated in artistic events in Brazil, receiving numerous prizes there, namely at the São Paulo Biennales in ...

Article

Abramo, Lívio  

Roberto Pontual

revised by Gillian Sneed

(b Araraquara, 1903; d Asunción, Paraguay, 1992).

Brazilian printmaker and teacher. Abramo was born into a middle-class Italian immigrant family in Araraquara, in the state of São Paulo, before moving to the city of São Paulo in 1909. In 1911 he studied drawing with painter Enrico Vio (1874–1960) at the Colégio Dante Alighieri in São Paulo. In 1926 he came into contact with German Expressionism and the work of engraver Oswaldo Goeldi, and made his first woodcut print, Vista Chinesa (1926; Echauri de Muxfeldt 2012, pl. 122), depicting a village bridge in an Expressionist style. Initially self-taught in printmaking, his work addressed social themes such as the São Paulo working class. In 1928 and 1929 he created linocuts depicting images of the working class in a Cubist style for the newspaper Lo Spaghetto. In the early 1930s he became influenced by the paintings of Tarsila’s anthropophagic phase (1928–1929) and Lasar Segall’s Expressionism. In 1930 Abramo joined the Communist Party (PCB), but he was expelled in 1932 after he was accused of being a Trotskyist. In 1931 he began working as a draftsman for the ...

Article

Abry, Léon Eugène Auguste  

Belgian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 6 March 1857, in Antwerp; died 6 November 1905, in Antwerp.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, engraver (etching). History painting, portraits, genre scenes.

Léon Eugène Auguste Abry was the son of a general, a fact that paved the way for his career as a painter of historical and military scenes. He took part in the main Belgian exhibitions from the age of 20, before going on to become a member of the Société des Aquarellistes Belges in 1886 and to be awarded the Ordre de Léopold. His works were shown in Paris in 1888 and 1895, Vienna in 1888, Berlin in 1886 and 1896, Dresden in 1887, and Munich in 1901. His best-known paintings include: ...

Article

Abularach, Rodolfo  

Jorge Luján-Muñoz

(b Guatemala, Jan 7, 1933).

Guatemalan painter and printmaker. From 1954 to 1957 he studied at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas in Guatemala City while researching folk art for the Dirección de Bellas Artes, but he was virtually self-taught and began as a draftsman and painter of bullfighting scenes. In 1958 he traveled to New York on a Guatemalan government grant, prolonging his stay there with further grants, studying at the Arts Students League and Graphic Art Center, and finally settling there permanently. He was influential in Guatemala until c. 1960, but because of his long residence abroad his work did not fit easily in the context of Central American art. Before leaving Guatemala he had painted landscapes and nudes in a naturalistic style, but he soon adopted a more modern idiom partly inspired by aboriginal Guatemalan subjects. After moving to New York, and especially from 1958 to 1961, his art underwent a profound transformation as he sought to bring together elements of abstract art and Surrealism and experimented with textures, for example in cross-hatched pen-and-ink drawings such as ...