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Article

Aanonsen, Sveinung  

Norwegian, 19th century, male.

Born 24 December 1854, in Rauland.

Painter, sculptor. Genre scenes, portraits.

At the age of 20, Aanonsen decided to study with the painter Brynjulf Larsen Bergslien, where he stayed for three years. He then went to Munich to work with the Bavarian painter Anton Seitz, an imitator of Meissonnier. He returned to Oslo in ...

Article

Abary, Marie Mathilde  

French, 19th century, female.

Born in Paris.

Painter, sculptor. Portraits.

Abary studied painting under Chaplin, Jacquet and Buttin and sculpture under Madame Berteaux; exhibited portraits and medallions at the Salon de Paris from 1880 to 1892.

Article

Abildgaard, Nicolai Abraham  

Jens Peter Munk

(b Copenhagen, Sept 11, 1743; d Frederiksdal, Copenhagen, June 4, 1809).

Danish painter, designer and architect. His paintings reveal both Neo-classical and Romantic interests and include history paintings as well as literary and mythological works. The variety of his subject-matter reflects his wide learning, a feature further evidenced by the broad range of his creative output. In addition to painting, he produced decorative work, sculpture and furniture designs, as well as being engaged as an architect. Successfully combining both intellectual and imaginative powers, he came to be fully appreciated only in the 1980s.

He studied at the Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi in Copenhagen (1764–72), and in 1767 he assisted Johan Edvard Mandelberg (1730–86) in painting the domed hall of the Fredensborg Slot with scenes from the Homeric epic the Iliad. In 1772 he was granted a five-year travelling scholarship from the Kunstakademi to study in Rome. During his Roman sojourn he extensively copied works of art from the period of antiquity up to that of the Carracci family. His friendships with the Danish painter Jens Juel, the Swedish sculptor Johan Tobias Sergel and the Swiss painter Johann Heinrich Fuseli placed him among artists who were in the mainstream of a widespread upheaval in European art. In these years Abildgaard developed both Neo-classical and Romantic tastes; his masterpiece of the period is ...

Article

Abreu, Juan  

Spanish, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman. Figures, genre scenes, landscapes.

Juan Abreu painted landscapes and made miniatures, designs and sculptures. Spain provided the subjects for his work.

Article

Acuña, Antonio de  

Spanish, 19th century, male.

Born in Puerta di Santa Maria near Cádiz.

Painter, sculptor.

Best known for two busts and an equestrian statue of King Alfonso XII of Spain, Acuña also painted picturesque characters from the world of bullfighting, hunting scenes and animal studies. His works include ...

Article

Adler, Friedrich  

German, 20th century, male.

Born 1878, in Laupheim (Württemberg); died 1942, in Hamburg, during deportation.

Painter, stucco artist. Designs (metal objects/leather objects/jewellery).

Jugendstil.

Friedrich Adler studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Munich from 1894 to 1898, then became a pupil of the Debschitz Schule in Munich (the famous school founded by Wilhelm Debschitz and Hermann Obrist) as soon as it opened in ...

Article

Adlersparre, Sofia Adolfina  

Swedish, 19th century, female.

Born 8 March 1808, on the island of Oland; died 23 March 1862, in Stockholm.

Painter, copyist. Flowers, animals.

Sofia Adlersparre began her studies with the sculptor Zvarnstrom and the painter Robert Wilhelm Ekman. She continued in Paris with Leon Cogniet in ...

Article

Aeppli, Éva  

Swiss, 20th century, female.

Born 1925, in Zofingen.

Painter, sculptor. Figures.

The partner of Jean Tinguely, Éva Aeppli studied at the school of arts and crafts in Basel before moving to Paris in 1953.

Initially she executed paintings that bordered on Abstraction, although there were hints of human silhouettes. After ...

Article

Agutte, Georgette  

French, 19th – 20th century, female.

Born 17 May 1867, in Paris; died 4 September 1922, in Chamonix.

Painter, sculptor, draughtswoman. Portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, flowers. Decorative panels.

Georgette Agutte came from a wealthy bourgeois family who were interested in art. She began studying sculpture by Louis Schroeder. She attended lessons given by Gustave Moreau at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, as did Matisse and Rouault, artists of her generation. After her divorce in ...

Article

Aizelin, Sophie  

French, 19th century, female.

Born in Dijon (Côte d'Or); died 1882, in Paris.

Painter, pastellist, sculptor. Portraits, landscapes.

Sophie was the wife of sculptor Eugène-Antoine Aizelin and pupil of Devosge and Madame Rude. She exhibited under her maiden name and married name at successive Paris Salons ...

Article

Akers, Charles  

American, 19th century, male.

Born 15 November 1836, near Hollis (Maine); died 16 September 1906, in New York.

Sculptor, draughtsman. Busts.

Charles Akers' brother, Benjamin Akers, was his teacher in Rome from 1857 to 1858. He sculpted a large number of busts and medallions of famous men, including ...

Article

Al-Georr, Ibrahim  

Lebanese, 19th century, male.

Painter. Religious subjects, portraits.

Little is known of this painter, other than that he was also a sculptor and physician reputed to have been taught painting by an Italian Orientalist painter who lived north of Beirut during the final two decades of the 19th century. Ibraim Al-Georr produced portraits of leading personalities of his day in a style that was meticulously detailed, but somehow hesitant to the point of being almost naive....

Article

Albertolli, Giocondo  

Italian, 18th – 19th century, male.

Born 24 July 1742, in Bedano; died 15 or 16 November 1839, in Milan.

Sculptor, designer of ornamental architectural features, draughtsman.

Studied initially at an atelier of sculpture in Parma, then at the academy there and in Rome. His fame as a designer of ornamental features spread rapidly and he was appointed to teach at the Milan academy in ...

Article

Algeier, Lorenz  

Austrian, 19th century, male.

Born 1835, in Vienna.

Painter, sculptor.

A teacher at the gymnasium (grammar school or high school) in Leoben. He was a student at the academy of arts, and was later taught by Fernkorn, Rahl and Kuppelwieser. He did a series of altar paintings and portraits....

Article

Mélida y Alinari, Arturo  

Concha Vela

(b Madrid, July 24, 1849; d Madrid, Dec 15, 1902).

Spanish architect, sculptor and painter, brother of Enrique Mélida y Alinari. He embarked on a military career in 1866 but abandoned it two years later to study architecture, in which he graduated from the Escuela de Arquitectura, Madrid, in 1873 and which was to remain his prime concern. He worked on architectural decoration for the archives and library of the Congreso de los Diputados, the assembly room (Salón de Actos, 1884) of the Ateneo, and the lunettes at S María, Alcoy. He also provided mural and ceiling paintings for various aristocratic mansions in Madrid, including the houses of Zuburu, Veragua, Urquijo and that of the banker Bäuer, the latter in collaboration with the sculptor Mariano Benlliure. In addition he restored the paintings of the façade of the Casa de la Panadería, Madrid. He provided illustrations for several books, including the Leyendas (Madrid, 1901) of José Zorrilla y Moral (...

Article

Allar, Gaudensi  

French, 19th century, male.

Born 1841, in Toulon; died 1904, in Marseilles.

Painter, architect. Landscapes.

Brother of the sculptor André Allar. An architect by profession, Gaudensi Allar was also a landscape painter who worked with broad brushstrokes and heavily applied colour. He was distinguished by his ability to capture ethnic scenes with accuracy, and with no hint of fake orientalism....

Article

Allouard, Henri  

French, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 11 July 1844, in Paris; died 12 August 1929.

Painter, sculptor. Figures. Groups.

He was taught by Lequesne and Schanewerck. He exhibited sculptures and paintings at the Salon des Artistes Français in Paris between 1865 and 1928, winning a gold medal in ...

Article

Almeida, Léopold de  

Portuguese, 19th century, male.

Born 1838.

Painter, sculptor. Equestrian portraits.

Paris, 21 Oct 1991: Portrait of King Miguel of Portugal on Horseback (oil on canvas, 21¼ × 16 ins/54 × 40.5 cm) FRF 23,000

Article

Álvarez y Bougel, José  

Spanish, 19th century, male.

Born 2 February 1805, in Paris; died 22 August 1830, in Burgos (Castilla y León).

Sculptor, painter. Religious subjects. Groups, statues.

José Álvarez y Bougel was the son of the sculptor José Álvarez y Cubero and brother of the architect Anibal Álvarez. From an early age, he emerged as a worthy successor to his father who had acquired his masterly skills in Paris under Ingres' guidance. On his return to Spain, the younger Álvarez produced some major works showing promise of a brilliant future. They include ...

Article

Aman, Theodor  

Radu Bogdan

(b Cîmpulung-Muscel, March 20, 1831; d Bucharest, Aug 19, 1891).

Romanian painter, sculptor and printmaker. After mastering the principles of painting in Craiova and Bucharest, where he studied under Constantin Lecca (1807–87) and Carol Valştein (1795–1857), he left for Paris around 1850. There he attended the studio of Michel-Martin Drolling and, after Drolling’s death, that of François-Edouard Picot. In 1853 he made his public début at the Paris Salon with a Self-portrait (Bucharest, Mus. A. Col.). A year later he travelled to Constantinople (now Istanbul), where the Sultan bought his painting the Battle of Olteniţa (1854; Istanbul, Dolmabahce Pal.). Aman then went to the Crimea, where he documented the Battle of Alma (Bucharest, N. Mus. A.) in a painting shown at the Exposition Internationale in Paris (1855). The autumn of the same year and the spring of the following year were spent in Wallachia, where the prince, Barbu Ştirbei, honoured Aman with a minor nobiliary title and a grant to enable him to continue his studies in France. In ...