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Article

Chirico, Giorgio de  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 10 July 1888, in Volos (Thessaly); died 20 November 1978, in Rome.

Painter, illustrator, sculptor writer. Scenes with figures, portraits, nudes, animals, landscapes, flowers, still-lifes. Stage sets.

Dadaism, Surrealism, Pittura Metafisica (Metaphysical Painting).

Les Artistes Italiens de Paris.

Giorgio de Chirico’s father, Evaristo, was originally from Palermo, and his mother, Gemma, from Genoa. He was born in Thessaly in Greece, where his father worked as a railway engineer – one of those ‘19th-century European engineers, bearded and powerful’, as Giorgio later described him. This Mediterranean background was an important factor in Giorgio’s development, and classical order and the harsh light of Attica continued to influence his vision, as did his classical education....

Article

Heartfield, John  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 20th century, male.

Born 19 June 1891, in Berlin-Schmargendorf; died 1968, in Berlin.

Painter, photomontage artist, photographer. Stage sets.

Dada.Berlin Dada, ASSO Group (Association of Revolutionary Figuration Artists)

John Heartfield was an apprentice in a Wiesbaden bookshop in 1905-1906. He was a pupil at the school of decorative arts in Munich ...

Article

Johns, Jasper  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th century, male.

Born 15 May 1930, in Allendale (South Carolina) or Augusta (Georgia).

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker, mixed media, costume and set designer, illustrator. Encaustic.

Neo-Dadaism, Pop Art.

Jasper Johns grew up in South Carolina. He attended courses in art and painting at the University of South Carolina and, in 1948, enrolled in a commercial art school for two semesters in New York City. He served in the US Army for two years during the Korean War but was able to resume his studies at City College in New York in 1953, thanks to the GI Bill. It was at this time that he met his lifelong friend Robert Rauschenberg, the composer John Cage, and the dancer Merce Cunningham. He acted as artistic adviser for Cage and Cunningham’s dance company until 1972, collaborating with painters such as Robert Morris, Frank Stella, Bruce Nauman, and Andy Warhol. He lives and works in New York State and St Martin in the French West Indies. He has been a member of the New York Academy of Arts and Letters since 1988....

Article

Prampolini, Enrico  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 20 April 1894, in Modena; died 1956, in Rome.

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman (including ink), collage artist, scenographer. Figures, portraits, landscapes, interiors, still-lifes. Stage costumes and sets, marionettes, wall decorations, furniture.

Futurism, Dadaism.

Groups: Cercle et Carré, Abstraction-Création, Group 40.

Enrico Prampolini studied briefly with Diulio Cambellotti at the Accademia di Belle Arti in, Rome, but was expelled in 1913. He wrote his own manifesto, ...