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Article

Abercrombie, Gertrude  

Susan Weininger

Publication History:

Published online:
10 September 2021
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Austin, TX, Feb 17, 1909; d Chicago, IL, Jul 3, 1977).

American painter, printmaker, and sculptor. Her work, often described by critics as “magic realist” or “surreal,” includes portraits, still lifes, landscapes, and interior scenes that translate a private vision into the concrete terms of this world. She studied at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, graduating in 1929 with a BA in Romance languages; after returning to Chicago she took courses at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and the American Academy of Art. Her work was deeply personal, informed by a lasting connection to the regional mentality of the Chicago art world combined with a distinctive and witty approach.

Her interests were shaped by early experiences. Both of her parents were opera singers and she became a serious jazz aficionado as an adult; she learned German as a child during a stay in Berlin, stimulating a love of languages and wordplay; she had a profound connection to the Midwest and its landscape, particularly to her father’s western Illinois hometown of Aledo, where she spent many happy summers with his extended family, moderating the loneliness of being an only child....

Article

Accatino, Enrico  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 22 August 1920, in Genoa.

Painter, sculptor (including bronze), engraver, designer, collage artist.

The son of Piedmontese parents, Enrico Accatino studied at the fine arts academy in Rome from 1942 to 1945, and was a pupil of Felice Casorati. In ...

Article

Aglane  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 17 March 1912, in Nivelles.

Painter, sculptor, engraver. Figure compositions, portraits, still-lifes.

Aglane studied at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. He exhibited in Belgium (in Brussels, Antwerp, Charleroi, La Louvrière, Alost and Lokeren) as well as abroad, including exhibitions in Rome, Vienna, Lisbon and Toulouse. He won the Moens Baes prize in ...

Article

Ahyi, Paul  

Christine Mullen Kreamer

Publication History:

Published online:
21 February 2000
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Jan 25, 1930; d Lomé, Jan 4, 2010).

Togolese painter, sculptor, engraver, stained glass designer, potter and textile designer. Beginning in 1946, he received his secondary education in Dakar, where he also worked in an architecture firm. He travelled to France and received his diplôme supérieur from the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. A versatile artist, Ahyi is best known for his murals and for monumental stone, marble and cement public sculptures. His work reflects the fusion of his Togolese roots, European training and an international outlook, and he counts among his influences Moore, Braque, Modigliani, Tamayo, Siqueiros and Tall. His work combines ancient and modern themes and materials, maternity being a prominent topic. The messages of his larger, public pieces operate on a broad level to appeal to the general populace, while smaller works often reflect his private engagement with challenges confronting the human condition. His compositions are both abstract and figurative and evoke the heroism and hope of the two world wars, Togo's colonial period and the struggle for independence from France, as well as the political efforts of the peoples of Vietnam, South Africa and Palestine. Ahyi has won numerous international prizes, including the prize of the city of Lyon (...

Article

Akhlaq, Zahoor ul-  

Marcella Nesom-Sirhandi

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Delhi, India, Feb 4, 1941; d Lahore, Pakistan, Jan 18, 1999).

Pakistani painter, sculptor and printmaker. Educated in Pakistan and abroad, he has consciously and successfully synthesized Eastern and Western aesthetic traditions. In 1963, a year after graduating from the National College of Arts, Lahore, he joined the faculty as a lecturer in art, later becoming a professor and head of the Department of Fine Arts. His studies abroad have included post-graduate work in London (1966–7, 1968–9) and the United States (1987–9).

Like many of his colleagues, Zahoor was influenced by his mentor, Shakir ‛Ali, principal of the National College of Art from 1961 to 1975. Both artists were motivated by art history, philosophy and aesthetics. Zahoor’s non-figurative paintings of the 1960s evolved into tangible—though not always realistic—images addressing the dualities of space and time, East and West. Most of his triptychs and single canvases were conceived within a grid that provides a stabilizing structure for their compositions. This grid refers to Zahoor’s admiration for the American artist ...

Article

Alaux, Jean-Pierre  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th century, male.

Born 14 November 1925, in La Ciotat.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman, sculptor, lithographer, illustrator. Figure compositions, figures, nudes, portraits, interiors, landscapes, urban landscapes, seascapes, still-lifes. Wall decorations.

Symbolism.

Jean-Pierre Alaux was the son of François Alaux and the great-great-grandson of Jean-Paul Alaux. From ...

Article

Albérola, Jean-Michel  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

French, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 11 January 1953, in Saïda.

Painter, pastellist, sculptor, engraver, draughtsman, illustrator. Designs for stained glass.

Figuration Libre, Citationism.

Jean-Michel Albérola lived in Algeria until 1962. He then went to France, living successively in several cities, including Marseilles, Toulouse, Avignon and Paris. He studied in Marseilles and in Aix-en-Provence. Until ...

Article

Albers, Josef  

Nicholas Fox Weber

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Bottrop, Ruhr, March 19, 1888; d New Haven, CT, March 25, 1976).

American painter, printmaker, sculptor, designer, writer and teacher. He worked from 1908 to 1913 as a schoolteacher in Bottrop and from 1913 to 1915 trained as an art teacher at the Königliche Kunstschule in Berlin, where he was exposed to many current art movements and to the work of such Old Masters as Dürer and Holbein. His figurative drawings of the next few years, which he kept hidden and which were discovered only after his death (many now in Orange, CT, Albers Found.), show that he applied these influences to his consistent concern with the simplest and most effective means of communicating his subject; he drew rabbits, schoolgirls and the local landscape in as dispassionate and impersonal a manner as possible. After his studies in Berlin he returned to Bottrop and from 1916 to 1919 began his work as a printmaker at the Kunstgewerbeschule in nearby Essen. In 1919 he went to Munich to study at the Königliche Bayerische Akademie der Bildenden Kunst, where he produced a number of nude drawings and Bavarian landscapes (Orange, CT, Albers Found.)...

Article

Alberti, Cosimo  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 16th century, male.

Died 17 February 1596, in Rome.

Painter, engraver, sculptor.

Article

Alberti, Lodovico  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 16th century, male.

Painter, sculptor, engraver (wood). Monuments.

Lodovico Alberti was the son of the painter and sculptor Giovanni di Giuliano di Alberto Alberti, known as Liso. He executed the tomb of the painter Rafaelo del Colle who died on 14 November 1566.

Article

Alberti, Pier Francesco  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 17th century, male.

Born 1584, in Borgo San Sepolcro; died 1638, in Rome.

Painter, sculptor, engraver. Religious subjects.

Son of Durante Alberti and brother of Alberto Alberti; studied in his father's studio and went on to produce paintings that hang in the cathedral of his native town, in San Giovanni and in Rome. Among these is an ...

Article

Alberti, Romano  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 17th century, male.

Active in Rome.

Born 1593, in Borgo San Sepolcro.

Painter, sculptor, engraver, art theorist. Religious subjects. Frescoes.

Served as Secretary to the Accademia di San Luca in Rome (founded by Zuccharo). In 1585, he published in Rome a benchmark Treatise on the Noble Art of Painting...

Article

Albisola, Tullio d'  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 2 December 1899, in Albisola; died May 1971, in Albisola.

Ceramicist, draughtsman, painter, sculptor, screen printer, photographer. Artists' books.

Futurism.

Tullio d'Albisola studied with his father Giuseppe, a master potter, then with Gaetano Ballardini at the international university pottery class in Faenza, which he entered in ...

Article

Albright, Ivan  

Janet Marstine

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(le Lorraine)

(b North Harvey, nr Chicago, Feb 20, 1897; d Woodstock, VT, Nov 18, 1983).

American painter, sculptor, printmaker and film maker. He was brought up in the suburbs of Chicago and was exposed to art at an early age by his father, Adam Emory Albright (1862–1957), a portrait painter. He passed on to his son the interest in careful draughtsmanship that he had developed from tuition with Thomas Eakins. Ivan’s initial field of interest was architecture, which he studied at Northwestern University, Evanston (1915–16), and at the University of Illinois, Urbana (1916–17). During World War I he served with an Army medical unit, making surgical drawings with great precision. He subsequently decided to become a painter and attended the Art Institute of Chicago (1920–23), the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Chicago (1923), and the National Academy of Design, New York (1924). Around this time he began to exhibit regularly.

Albright settled in Chicago in ...

Article

Alexanco, José Luis  

M. Dolores Jiménez-Blanco

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Madrid, 1942).

Spanish painter, sculptor and printmaker. After studying at the Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes in Madrid he came under the influence of Pop art during a stay in London in 1965. On settling again in Madrid in that year he began to concentrate on images of movement, as in the screenprint Story of the Man Who Falls I, for which he was awarded a prize at the Kraków Biennale in 1966. He continued to explore movement through serial forms and stereotyped images in plexiglass constructions such as the Changeable Movement series (1967) and from 1968 used computers as part of this process. These interests led to sculptures and paintings titled Transformable Movements, which he presented in association with aleatoric music.

Alexanco became increasingly involved with performance and collaborated with the Spanish composer Luis de Pablo (b 1930) on Soledad interrumpida (1971) and Historia natural...

Article

Allen, James E(dmund)  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th century, male.

Born 1894, in Louisiana (Missouri); died 1964.

Painter, engraver, draughtsman, sculptor. Scenes with figures.

James Edmond Allen studied in Chicago and New York, and was taught by Joseph Pennell and William Auerbach-Levy. In 1966 the Musée-galerie de la Seita in Paris showed his works in the exhibition America in the Depression - Politically Committed Artists of the Thirties ( L'Amérique de la Dépression - Artistes engagés des années trentes).

He worked in dry-point before concentrating on etching. During the thirties, with commissioned compositions depicting workers engaged in massive construction works, he worked for the Work Projects Administration (WPA) , a huge undertaking set up by the Roosevelt administration between 1935 and 1939 to help artists hit by the recession by offering them numerous commissions. Under the influence of Hans Hofmann his work became mainly abstract.

L'Amérique de la Dépression. Artistes engagés des années trente, exhibition catalogue, Musée-galerie de la Seita, Paris, 1996....

Article

Almeida, Braz, Blasius de  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

Portuguese, 17th century, male.

Born in Lisbon.

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman, engraver.

There exist two manuscript treatises on geometry bearing Almeida's signature. A similar signature B. d'Almeyda was found on the first page of a work entitled Historic Theatre, a genealogy of the Souza dynasty. Despite the difference in spelling, it is almost certain that they are one and the same person. Almeida is known to have been in Paris in ...

Article

Alston, Charles  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

American, 20th century, male.

Born 28 November 1907, in Charlotte (North Carolina); died 27 April 1977, in New York.

Painter, sculptor, illustrator, lithographer. Murals.

Groups: Spiral, 306.

Charles Alston moved to New York with his mother in 1914, after his father died. Alston received his BA and MA (...

Article

Altenbourg, Gerhard  

Publication History:

Published online:
31 October 2011
Collection:
Benezit Dictionary of Artists

German, 20th century, male.

Born 22 November 1926, in Rödichen-Schnepfenthal (Thuringia); died 30 December 1989, in Meissen.

Painter (gouache/mixed media), sculptor, draughtsman, watercolourist, engraver (including wood), lithographer. Figures, interiors with figures, landscapes.

Gerhard Altenbourg was sent to the Front in 1944 and was wounded there. After the war he worked as a journalist. In ...

Article

Altenbourg [Ströch], Gerhard  

Eugen Blume

Publication History:

Published online:
2003
Collection:
Grove Art Online

(b Rödichen-Schnepfenthal, Thuringia, Nov 22, 1926; d Dresden, Dec 30, 1989).

German painter, printmaker and sculptor. He studied at the Hochschule für Baukunst and Bildende Kunst in Weimar under H. Hoffmann-Lederer (b 1899). From the start his interest was directed towards modernism, especially by its literary aspects, which inspired him to produce lyrical works of his own. Even in his first drawings, for example Ecce homo I (1949; priv. col., see 1969 exh. cat., no. 142), in which he addressed the painful experience of war, he achieved a marked individual style. His determined preoccupation with modern art and the vocabulary of form set him at odds with the prevailing artistic ideology until late in his life. In the 1940s and 1950s, although his plants and figures were depicted objectively, he produced tight-woven but reduced abstract shapes that anticipated the meticulously applied successive layers of non-objectivism. His work was always closely influenced by the area in which he was born and lived, particularly his landscapes, for example ...