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Amiet, Cuno  

Swiss, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 28 March 1868, in Solothurn; died 1961, in Oschwand (Bern).

Painter, watercolourist, pastellist, engraver, lithographer, sculptor. Figure compositions, portraits, landscapes, still-lifes.

Die Brücke group. School of Pont-Aven.

Cuno Amiet began his artistic training under Frank Buchser in Feldbrunnen from 1884 to 1886. From 1886 to 1888 he trained at the academy of fine art in Munich. From 1888 to 1891 he trained under the guidance of William Bouguereau and Tony Robert-Fleury at the Académie Julian in Paris. Up to that point he had been influenced by Impressionism, which was still very much in evidence. Then in 1892, he went to Pont-Aven and made contact with O'Connor, Émile Bernard, Sérusier and Armand Seguin. They introduced him to the ideas and techniques suggested by Gauguin to those who would soon be classed as the École de Pont-Aven. They would also call themselves 'Nabis'....

Article

Callebaut, Franz  

Belgian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 1856, in Teralfene; died 1930, in Alost.

Painter. Landscapes.

Expressionist.

Franz Callebaut studied under Isidore Meyers and Franz Courtens at the academy in Termonde. At the outset his work bore the Impressionist stamp of his masters. He painted landscapes of the surroundings of Alost and Éscaut. His fixation on Pointillism was supplanted by an interest in Expressionism....

Article

Jawlensky, Alexej Georgevich von  

Russian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Active in Germany from 1921.

Born 13 or 26 March 1864, in Torzhok, or in Tver according to some sources; died 15 March 1941, in Wiesbaden.

Painter. Figures, landscapes, still-lifes.

Groups: Der Blaue Reiter, Die Blauen Vier.

The son of an aristocratic landowner, Jawlensky entered military school in Moscow in 1877. His first contact with painting was in 1880 at the time of the Universal Exhibition in Moscow. From that time he began to visit the Tretiakov Gallery every Sunday and to make sketches. In 1884, he was appointed an officer of the Imperial Guard in Moscow and also began to discover French art in the home of the Botkin family. He obtained a transfer to St Petersburg in 1889 so that he could attend classes at the academy of fine art there, studying particularly with Repin who introduced him into artistic circles. In 1891 he met Marianne von Werefkin. Unsatisfied with the teaching that he was receiving, he resigned from the army and left for Munich in 1896 where he was joined by Marianne von Werefkin and her lady companion. They enrolled in the private academy set up by Anton Azbé, and were joined there by Kandinsky the following year. In 1902 Jawlensky decided to work on his own. He exhibited for the first time at the ...

Article

Kampmann, Erich  

German, 19th – 20th century, male.

Painter. Landscapes.

Erich Kampmann remains largely unknown, though Hundertwasser was influenced by his instinctive expressionism in his youth. Kampmann painted landscapes with trees, probably using the 'fixed under glass' technique.

Article

Nolde, Emil  

German, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 7 August 1867, in Nolde; died 13 April 1956, in Siekbüll (Schleswig).

Painter, engraver, lithographer, sculptor. Religious subjects, figure compositions, figures, landscapes, seascapes.

Die Brücke, Dachau Artists’ Colony.

The son of a farmer, Emil Nolde’s early economic and social conditions were not conducive to an artistic career. He developed his talents as an apprentice woodcarver from 1884 to 1888 in Flensburg, with Heinrich Sauermann. He then worked as a designer in furniture factories in Munich, Karlsruhe, and Berlin. It was in Karlsruhe, from 1888, that he took up drawing and painting, initially at evening classes, then full-time at the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Arts and Crafts). From 1889 to 1892, he lived in Berlin, where he worked as a design draughtsman for the Pfaff furniture factory. In 1892, he taught ornamental draughtsmanship at the Gewerbemuseum at St Gall, Switzerland, where he stayed for seven years. It was here that he began to draw and paint watercolours of landscapes and faces in his spare time....

Article

Schönberg, Arnold  

Austrian, 19th – 20th century, male.

Active from 1933 and naturalised in the USA.

Born 13 September 1874, in Vienna; died 13 July 1951, in Los Angeles, USA.

Painter. Portraits.

Der Blaue Reiter group.

Arnold Schönberg was better known as a composer and conductor. He was also a painter, and was largely self-taught, although he learnt a few rudimentary techniques from Richard Gerstl. A Jew, Schönberg converted to Protestantism for a time to fit in with Viennese society, only to return, in a courageous act of defiance, to Judaism with the arrival of Nazi power in Germany. In ...

Article

Waldschmidt, Arnold  

German, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 2 June 1873, in Weimar.

Draughtsman, painter, sculptor.

Arnold Waldschmidt attended the academy in Karlsruhe, then lived and worked in Berlin. He was an exponent of Naturalist Expressionism.

Cologne: Bull with Farmer

Frankfurt am Main (Städel): Remorse