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Article

Boyd, Alice  

British, 19th century, female.

Born 1823; died 1897.

Painter. Figures, portraits.

Symbolism.

Alice Boyd was living at Penkill Castle in Ayrshire when she met the Pre-Raphaelite painter William Bell Scott in 1859. She became his pupil and mistress. This attachment continued until the death of Bell Scott. They were close to Dante Gabriel Rossetti....

Article

Brett, John Edward  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 1830, in Bletchingley; died 1902, in Putney.

Painter, watercolourist. Animals, seascapes, landscapes, portraits.

John Edward Brett was a follower of the Pre-Raphaelite School. His work before 1870 showed its influence. In 1858, he visited the region of Val d'Aosta and settled at the castle of St Peter in Villeneuve. Here he received a visit from Ruskin, of whom he was a great admirer. During his stay in the Val d'Aosta, he painted a great number of landscapes, notably of the Dora Baltac Valley....

Article

Brett, Rosa  

British, 19th century, female.

Born 1829, in Ireland; died 1882.

Painter. Portraits, landscapes.

Pre-Raphaelite.

Rosa Brett grew up in Dublin before moving with her family to Kent where she remained for the rest of her life. She painted landscapes in the area with her brother John Brett, a celebrated Pre-Raphaelite painter. She exhibited at the Royal Academy in London ...

Article

Brown, Catherine Madox  

British, 19th – 20th century, female.

Born 11 November 1850; died 1927.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtswoman (mixed media).

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite.

Catherine Madox Brown studied painting with her father, Ford Madox Brown, as did her sister Lucy and her brother Oliver, and she very soon began exhibiting her work at the Royal Academy, the Dudley Gallery and at other venues in London in ...

Article

Brown, Ford Madox  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 16 April 1821, in Calais, France, to British parents; died October 1893, in London.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman. Religious subjects, portraits.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (forerunner).

Ford Madox Brown's father, a senior officer on half pay in the British navy, settled on the continent. The boy showed a talent for drawing from his early youth. He was to work in many European towns including Bruges, Ghent and particularly Antwerp where he became the pupil of Baron Wappers, who had studied with David. The early years of Brown's career were interrupted by the deaths of first his mother, then one of his sisters. This was followed by his father falling ill and needing much care from his son. The state of health of Brown's new young wife was subsequently to cause him further anxiety. They left Paris, where Brown had been living for four years, for the warmer climate of Italy but less than a year later, in 1845, his wife, who felt lost and unhappy in Italy, wished to return to Calais. She died in the carriage as it crossed Paris....

Article

Brown, Lucy Madox  

British, 19th century, female.

Born 1943, in Paris, France; died 1894, in San Remo, Italy.

Painter. Genre scenes.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite.

Lucy Madox Brown was the daughter of Ford Madox Brown and sister of Catherine and Oliver. She exhibited work between 1869 and 1872 in London, showing one of her works at the Royal Academy. In ...

Article

Bunce, Kate Elizabeth  

British, 19th – 20th century, female.

Active in Birmingham.

Born 1858; died 1927.

Painter. Genre scenes.

Pre-Raphaelite.

Kate Elizabeth Bunce studied at Birmingham School of Art and went on to exhibit her work at the Royal Academy in London from 1887 until 1901. She was a member of the Birmingham Society of Artists....

Article

Burne-Jones, Edward Coley (Baronet, Sir)  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 28 August 1833, in Birmingham, England; died 17 June 1898, in Fulham (London), England.

Painter, decorative artist, draughtsman, watercolourist, illustrator. Figures, scenes with figures. Designs for tapestries, designs for stained glass, designs for mosaics.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite.

The son of Edward Richard Jones and Elisabeth Coley, Edward Burne-Jones began to prepare for a career in the church and enrolled as a theology student at Exeter College, Oxford, where a fellow pupil was William Morris. However, his sight of a drawing by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, an illustration for William Allingham’s The Maids of Elfin Mere, was decisive in his change of direction. He was 22 when, in 1855, he went to London to show his first drawings to Rossetti, whose work had so deeply moved him. Rossetti encouraged Burne-Jones and offered to take him as a part-time pupil. Together with William Morris, Burne-Jones left university without a thought for his abandoned degree and, after a year studying with the young Rossetti, sought to earn a living by selling pen drawings and watercolours at the same time as continuing to take lessons from Rossetti. In ...

Article

Burton, Frederick William (Sir)  

Irish, 19th century, male.

Active in England.

Born 1816, in Mungret (Limerick); died March 1900, in Kensington (London).

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman. Portraits, genre scenes, landscapes.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (related to).

Burton studied under Brocas at the Royal Dublin Society School. At the age of 21, he was made an associate member of the Royal Hibernian society and, at 23, a full member. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 1842. He showed work at the Society of Painters in Watercolours in 1855 and 1856. He retired from the society in 1870, but was made an honorary member (along with Burne-Jones) in 1888. For twenty years, he was the director of the National Gallery in London, having succeeded Boxall in 1874. From 1851, he travelled a good deal, visiting Germany and other European countries to study the works of the great masters. As a painter, he was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites....

Article

Chambers, Alice May or Mary  

British, 19th century, female.

Born 1855, in Lambeth, London; died after 1918.

Painter, watercolourist. Figures, portraits.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (related to).

Alice May Chambers' paintings show the strong influence of the Pre-Raphaelites and their titles suggest particularly Rossetti, Holman Hunt and Burne-Jones. Her works include: Cydippe...

Article

Collinson, James  

British, 19th century, male.

Born c. 1825, in Mansfield; died 1881.

Painter, draughtsman. History painting, genre scenes.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite.

James Collinson was a pupil at the Royal Academy. Around 1849, he joined the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, an association of seven artists of whom five were painters. He painted his masterpiece, a scene from the life of ...

Article

Dyce, William  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 1806, in Aberdeen; died 15 February 1864, in Streatham.

Painter, engraver, fresco artist. Religious subjects, figures, portraits, landscapes. Designs for stained glass.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (related to).

William Dyce, the son of a doctor, was a pupil at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he obtained his diploma at the age of 16. Afterwards, he followed courses at the academies of London and Edinburgh. In ...

Article

Eden, Denis William  

British, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 20 July 1878, in Liverpool; died 1949.

Painter, illustrator. History painting, portraits.

Denis William Eden was the son of the landscape painter William Eden. He received guidance from the Pre-Raphaelite Frederick George Stephens and studied at St John's Wood Art School and the Royal Academy in London. He showed his work at Royal Academy exhibitions ...

Article

Hay, Jane Benham  

British, 19th century, female.

Active in London.

Painter. History painting.

Pre-Raphaelite.

Jane Hay was the mother of Bernardo Hay. She exhibited in Liverpool from 1848 to 1871 and settled in Florence around 1861.

1997, Pre-Raphaelite Women Artists, Manchester City Art Gallery (travelling exhibition)

Article

Hughes, Arthur  

British, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 27 January 1832, in London; died 22 December 1915.

Painter, fresco artist, draughtsman, illustrator. Religious subjects, allegorical subjects, genre scenes.

Pre-Raphaelite.

Arthur Hughes was a prominent member of the Pre-Raphaelite school. He enrolled at the Royal Academy Schools in ...

Article

Hunt, William Holman  

British, 19th – 20th century, male.

Born 2 April 1827, in London; died 7 September 1910, in London.

Painter, watercolourist, draughtsman. Religious subjects, portraits, genre scenes, landscapes.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite.

William Holman Hunt worked in London as an office clerk from 1839 (when he was just 12 years old) until 1843. He entered the Royal Academy Schools on his third attempt, in 1844, and trained alongside John Everett Millais. He exhibited his first painting with the Royal Academy in 1845. Holman Hunt's earliest works announced his lifelong fascination with literary subjects, such as the ...

Article

Inchbold, John William  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 29 April 1830, in Leeds; died 23 January 1888, in Leeds.

Painter, watercolourist, engraver. Landscapes.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (related to).

John William Inchbold was the son of the chief editor and proprietor of the Leeds Intelligencer. After studying drawing he went to live in London, working in the lithographic studio of Day and Haghe. Around ...

Article

Lorin, Georges  

French, 19th century, male.

Born c. 1870.

Painter. Allegorical subjects, figure compositions.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (related to).

In 1892 and 1893, he took part in the first two Rosicrucian salons at the house of Paul Durand-Ruel. His subjects seem to be drawn from the realm of dream, as for example in ...

Article

Marshall, Peter Paul  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 1830, in Edinburgh; died 1900.

Painter, illustrator. Portraits, landscapes. Designs for stained glass.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite (related to).

Peter Paul Marshall was the grandson of Peter Marshall. He started out as an engineer, then joined a major trading company. In 1850...

Article

Millais, John Everett (Sir)  

British, 19th century, male.

Born 8 June 1829, in Southampton; died 13 August 1896, in London.

Painter, watercolourist. History painting, portraits, genre scenes, landscapes.

Symbolism.

Pre-Raphaelite.

John Everett Millais' father was from Jersey, where his family returned when he was four. His father held a position in the Jersey Militia and his mother's family lived in Southampton. His Brother William Henry was a watercolourist. The family moved to near St Helier in Jersey in 1833, then to Dinan in Brittany from 1935 to 1937, returning briefly to Jersey before settling in London in 1838, in order to further John Everett's artistic education. He studied at Henry Sass's Drawing Academy and in the same year, won the silver medal of the Society of Arts for his drawing ...