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Article

Adam, Henri Georges  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 1904, in Paris; died 27 August 1967, in Perros-Guirec (Côtes-d'Armor).

Sculptor (including bronze), engraver (burin). Monuments, designs for tapestries, stage costumes and sets.

Henri Adam's father, a goldsmith and jeweller, taught him the rudiments of the trade while he was studying at the Collège Lavoisier. He also took classes in drawing, first at the École Germain-Pillon and subsequently at the Atelier de la Ville de Paris in Montparnasse, before moving to the École des Beaux-Arts. He exhibited various paintings between ...

Article

Aïni, Philippe  

French, 20th – 21st century, male.

Born 22 June 1952, in Bordeaux.

Painter (including mixed media), sculptor, potter. Stage sets.

At the age of 24, Philippe Aïni gave up his job as a pastry cook to become an artist, although he lacked any training. At first, he was supported and encouraged to exhibit by Jean-Pierre Roche of the Galerie Émergences in Bordeaux (...

Article

Altman, Nathan Isaevich  

Russian, 20th century, male.

Also active in France from 1910.

Born 1889, in Vinnitsa; died 1970, in Leningrad (now St Petersburg).

Painter, sculptor, draughtsman, illustrator. Stage sets.

Bubnovy Valet (Jack of Diamonds) group.

A student at the school of fine art in Odessa between 1903...

Article

Annenkov, Yuri  

Russian, 20th century, male.

Also active in France.

Born 11 July 1889, in Petropavlosk (Kamchatka); died 1974, in Paris.

Painter, collage artist, sculptor, illustrator, draughtsman. Stage costumes and sets, film sets.

The son of a political exile in Kamchatka, Yuri Annenkov was able to go to St Petersburg in 1898 and study at the school of fine art and at several artists’ workshops between 1908 and 1911, developing a passion for the theatre and theatrical production. He went to Paris in 1911 and studied with Maurice Denis and Félix Vallotton and then went to Switzerland in 1913. He exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris in 1912 and 1913 and then returned to Russia where he joined the...

Article

Arcabas  

French, 20th century, male.

Born 1926, in Frémery (Moselle).

Painter, sculptor, decorative designer. Figure compositions, religious subjects, landscapes. Murals, church decoration, designs for mosaics and stained-glass windows, stage sets, stage costumes.

Arcabas studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and also had a degree. He was a friend of the painter Dimitri Varbanesco. He exhibited in numerous towns in France and abroad. From ...

Article

Arroyo, Eduardo  

Spanish, 20th century, male.

Active in France from 1958.

Born 26 February 1937, in Madrid.

Painter (including mixed media), watercolourist, decorative designer, sculptor, engraver, draughtsman. Scenes with figures, figures, portraits. Stage sets.

Nouvelle Figuration, Figuration Narrative.

Eduardo Arroyo was educated at the Lycée Français in Madrid and then at the School of Journalism. At the age of 21, he left Franco's Spain for Paris, where he was to remain in exile for some 20 years. Although his original intention was to be a journalist rather than a painter, he saw painting as the most accessible and effective medium for his main aim, which was political militancy. He taught himself to paint, but this was made easier by the fact that it was not so much any possible aesthetic dimension to the work that interested him, but rather its immediate intelligibility and the power of the image. He brought together a mixture of techniques to create the effective image. Collage in its various forms was a constant feature of his style. In his early work, he often turned to what was then called 'Modification': that is, taking either a genuine picture from a second-hand shop, or a reproduction (as in the case of a work by Goya, Velázquez or Miró), and superimposing pictorial additions to alter the meaning, generally with the aim of being controversial and often humorous as well. He rapidly became a master of minimalist techniques, and soon began to exhibit at group shows. Some of these early shows were at the traditional exhibition centres, such as the Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui and the Salon de Mai. He was an influential member of the Salon de la Jeune Peinture, where he exhibited from 1960 onwards, and his exhibitions there between 1964 and 1969 (with Aillaud and Récalcati) triggered militant activity that led to a temporary change in the group's name....

Article

Ayrton, Michael  

British, 20th century, male.

Born 20 February 1921, in London, in Hoyland (Yorkshire) according to some sources; died 17 November 1975.

Painter, sculptor (bronze), illustrator, stage set designer, art critic, designer. Figures, landscapes, portraits, mythological subjects.

The son of the art critic and poet Gerald Gould and the feminist Labour Party activist Barbara Ayrton, Michael Ayrton travelled widely in his youth to Vienna, Paris and Italy. He received his artistic education at Heatherley's and St John's Wood art schools in London. In ...

Article

Barre, Jacques-Jean  

French, 18th century, male.

Born 3 August 1793, in Paris; died 10 June 1855, in Neuilly-sur-Seine.

Engraver, medallist, draughtsman. Coins, banknotes, postage stamps, seals.

Barre was apprenticed at the age of twelve to a carver, foundry worker and gilder. Four years later, he was drafted into the fire service in Paris, where he worked until ...

Article

Baudisch, Wilhelm  

German, 19th century, male.

Born at the beginning of the 19th century, in Saxony.

Sculptor. Busts.

In 1824, while still a student, Wilhelm Baudisch took part in the Breslau Exhibition. During the same year he executed the bust of the stage manager Stawinsky, a Niobe...

Article

Bigari, Vittorio  

Italian, 18th century, male.

Born 1692, in Bologna; died 1776.

Painter, decorative designer, fresco artist, draughtsman, sculptor. Mythological subjects, religious subjects, figures, landscapes with figures. Stage sets, church decoration.

The year of Vittorio Bigari's death is questioned by some sources cited by Moser, which contend that he lived and worked in Russia until ...

Article

Bilcke, Ferdinand  

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 1906, in Hoogstraten.

Painter, watercolourist, sculptor, draughtsman. Designs for tapestries, stage sets.

Ferdinand Bilcke had already embarked on a career as an abstract painter and sculptor by 1924, at the age of 18. His paintings exhibit a sound compositional sense, while his sculpture approximates to the neo-Plasticism of Piet Mondrian....

Article

Blatas, Arbit  

Lithuanian, 20th century, male.

Active in France from 1933 then in the USA.

Born 19 November 1908, in Kaunas; died 27 April 1999.

Painter, sculptor. Portraits, interiors with figures, landscapes, still-lifes. Stage sets, stage costumes, monuments.

The pupil in Russia in a Soviet school for artistically gifted children, Arbit Blatas exhibited for the first time in Lithuania in 1933, then in Germany when he was studying at the academy in Berlin. He settled in Paris around 1933, and spent some time between 1940 and 1948 in the USA where many museums had acquired his works....

Article

Bouffé, Pauline  

French, 19th century, female.

Born 12 December 1837, in Paris.

Sculptor.

Pauline Bouffé studied under Mlle Dubois-Davesnes and A. Millet. Her father was a famous stage actor. In 1869 and 1870 she exhibited busts of actors: Madame Rose Chéri, Bouffé in the Role of Poor Jack...

Article

Caille, Pierre  

Belgian, 20th century, male.

Born 11 January 1911, in Tournai; died 1996.

Sculptor (metal), ceramicist, engraver, lithographer. Stage sets, designs for tapestries, architectural integration.

Pierre Caille attended evening classes at the academy in Tournai, and in 1929-1930 worked in Joris Minne's workshop at the École d'Architecture et des Arts Decoratifs in Brussels, founded by Henry van de Velde in ...

Article

Calero, Ricardo  

Spanish, 20th century, male.

Sculptor, installation artist.

Ricardo Calero only works using found and gathered materials and objects. From these, he creates installations ressembling stage sets, in that they represent a uniform space. Gérard-Georges Lemaire writes of his work as being born from 'a paradoxical conversion of the vile into what might be recognised as the noble'. He often emphasises the destructive capacity of time which, though irreparable, is also a source of poetic resonance....

Article

Carrino, Nicola  

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 1932, in Otranto (Puglia).

Painter, sculptor.

After attending engineering school, Carrino began studying art in Rome. He staged his first solo exhibition in 1952; this was followed by many more in Rome, Milan, Otranto, Naples and other Italian cities.

His first figurative experiments demonstrate a certain interest in gestural trends, particularly in his use of colour. In ...

Article

Carver, Robert  

British, 18th century, male.

Active in Dublin, then in London.

Born 1730, in Dublin; died 1791.

Painter. Landscapes, seascapes. Stage sets.

Robert Carver studied first with his father Richard Carver and then with Robert West at the Dublin Society School. He was elected director of the Free Society of Artists in ...

Article

Cavallo, Ricardo  

Argentinian, 20th – 21st century, male.

Active in France since 1975.

Born 13 April 1954, in Buenos Aires.

Painter, sculptor. Scenes with figures, figures, portraits, landscapes, still-lifes. Stage sets.

Ricardo Cavallo studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the city where he now lives and works. In his early career he was an abstract painter but he went on to create clay sculptures after models, of which only photographs have survived....

Article

Chirico, Giorgio de  

Italian, 20th century, male.

Born 10 July 1888, in Volos (Thessaly); died 20 November 1978, in Rome.

Painter, illustrator, sculptor writer. Scenes with figures, portraits, nudes, animals, landscapes, flowers, still-lifes. Stage sets.

Dadaism, Surrealism, Pittura Metafisica (Metaphysical Painting).

Les Artistes Italiens de Paris.

Giorgio de Chirico’s father, Evaristo, was originally from Palermo, and his mother, Gemma, from Genoa. He was born in Thessaly in Greece, where his father worked as a railway engineer – one of those ‘19th-century European engineers, bearded and powerful’, as Giorgio later described him. This Mediterranean background was an important factor in Giorgio’s development, and classical order and the harsh light of Attica continued to influence his vision, as did his classical education....

Article

Chubac, Albert  

Swiss, 20th century, male.

Active in France.

Born 29 December 1925, in Geneva.

Sculptor.

Albert Chubac trained at the art school in Geneva. At an early stage in his career, influenced by the contribution of the Nouveaux Réalistes in Nice, Chubac carried out some projects directed towards optical investigations. He later used wood painted with bright colours, juxtaposed against plastic materials to make compositions of simple geometric shapes combined vertically. The use of plastic materials in basic sculptures with interchangeable elements undoubtedly gives them a playful character. These abstract sculptures have a simple and colourful cheerfulness, which somewhat resemble the unsophisticated games played by very young children, whilst at the same time still being sensitive to the brilliance of pure colours and the clean volume of elementary geometry....